兰州市学龄前儿童视力异常状况及其影响因素分析

目的调查分析兰州市城区学龄前儿童视力异常发生率及其影响因素,为视力异常的防治提供科学依据。方法依据该地地理分布及社会功能区特征,参考幼儿园公私立等性质,采用随机整群抽样的方法抽取10所幼儿园的2754名学龄前儿童进行调查。应用儿童图形视力表和标准对数视力表检查视力,采用美国伟伦公司Suresight手持验光仪对调查儿童进行屈光检查。同时对儿童家长进行视力异常相关因素问卷调查,应用Logistic回归模型进行危险因素分析。结果调查对象男、女儿童视力异常检出率均为13.9%,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。男童、女童视力异常检出率均随年龄增长而下降(P<0.05)。屈光状态类型以单纯远视、混合散光和复性远视散光为主,分别占36.5%、30.1%、27.6%。随着年龄的增加,复性远视散光人数逐渐减少,而单纯远视人数逐渐增加。在9项视力异常相关因素中,出生体重、胎龄、父母视力情况和每天睡眠时间这4项影响学龄前儿童的视力。结论托幼机构与家庭应重视学龄前儿童眼保健工作,着力培养儿童良好的生活习惯,同时强化社会性健康教育,从社会、家庭和托幼机构等多方面采取综合干预措施控制视力异常的发生。

An Investigation of the Preschool Children's Visual Acuity and Studying on Factors Correlated in Lanzhou

OBJECTIVE To analyze the incidence and the factors correlated with subnormal vision of preschool children in urban areas of Lanzhou,to provide evidences for the prevention and treatment of the subnormal vision.METHOD A sample of 2 754 preschool children aged 3～6 years from 10 kindergartens located in different functional urban areas of Lanzhou were selected randomly.4～6 years old children were examined by the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart.3 years old children were examined by symbols chart.Refrangibility was detected using suresight hand-held refractometer.And at the same time,the factors related with abnormal vision were studied.RESULTS The prevalence of subnormal vision acuity in preschool children in Lanzhou was 13.9%.The subnormal rate decreased gradually as the age increasing.Refractive status types to simple hyperopic（36.5%）,mixed astigmatism（30.1%）,compound hyperopic astigmatism（27.6%） primarily.The compound hyperopic astigmatism rate decreased gradually as the age increasing,and the simple hyperopic rate increased gradually as the age increasing.Among the 9 factors,four of birth weight,gestational age,the eyesight of the parents and daily sleep time were correlated with child subnormal vision.CONCLUSION Kindergartens and families should pay more attention to prompt children’s good living habits of eye care.Meanwhile,public health education should also be enhanced among societies,families and kindergartens to take care of children’s eye.