中国人群膳食结构的变化

根据１９８２年和１９９２年两次全国性营养调查的结果，分析十年来中国人群膳食结构的变化。１９９２年全国平均每标准人日消费植物性食物９０９ｇ，动物性食物１１６ｇ，比１９８２年分别减少了１１０ｇ和增加了４８ｇ。谷类和薯类食物消费量随着家庭收入上升而下降，而动物性食物消费量随收入上升而上升。谷类能量占膳食总能量的比例１９９２年为６６．８％，１９８２年为７１．３％，脂肪能量比分别为２２％和１８．４％。城市与农村的差别明显，两次调查的结果比较接近。１９９２年视黄醇当量、核黄素和钙的摄入量均低于１９８２年的水平，仅达ＲＤＡ的４９．２％～６１．７％。各省、市、自治区间膳食结构的差别相当明显，如北京的脂肪能量达，总量的３０．６％，山西仅为１１．６％；广东省动物性蛋白质占总量的４３．７％，而甘肃省仅为６．６％。建议大力促进豆类和乳类的生产和消费以改善全民的膳食结构。

The change of dietary pattern of Chinese populations

The change of dietary pattern of Chinese populations is studied based on data collected in the national nutrition surveys in 1982 and 1992. The daily consumption of plant food and animal food was 909g and 116g per reference man in 1992,110g less and 48g more respectively than that in 1982. Along with the increase of household income the consumption of cereals and tubers was declining while the consumption of animal food was increasing. Cereals provided 66.8%of dietary energy in 1992, and 71.3%in 1982. The proportion of energy from fat was 22%and 18.4%respectively, The intakes of retinal equivalent, riboflavin and calcium in 1992 were insufficient, 49.2%～61.7%RDA, and lower than that in 1982. The variation of dietary pattern among the provinces was quite notable. The fat energy reached 30.6%of the total in Beijing, but only 11.6%in Shanxi province. Animal food provided 43.7%of the dietary protein in Guangdong province while only 6.6%in Gansu province, Promotion the production and consumption of legumes, milk and their products is suggested for improving the dietary patterns of Chinese populations.