原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的诊断和治疗

目的探讨原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤（PCNSL）的临床特点,提高对PCNSL的认识。方法回顾性分析43例PCNSL患者的临床表现、实验室检查、影像学特点、组织病理类型以及治疗方法。结果单发病灶36例,多发病灶7例,共手术治疗47次。首发症状为颅内压增高22例（51．2％）,肢体偏瘫、抽搐、语言障碍16例（37．2％）,记忆力下降、意识情感障碍10例（23．3％）。脑脊液蛋白含量高于正常者66．7％（8／12）。B细胞型淋巴瘤40例（97．6％）,T细胞型1例（2．4％）。Ki-67阳性表达指数42．8％±23．3％。结论CT、MRI及脑脊液检查是术前诊断PCNSL的重要方法,外周血淋巴细胞增高不能作为诊断PCNSL的依据。手术在于缓解症状和确定病变的病理类型,术后化疗加全脑放疗是治疗PCNSL的有效方法。

Investigation of diagnosis and treatment for primary central nervous system lymphoma

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical characteristics of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) so as to improve comprehension of that unusual lesions. METHODS: Forty-three cases of immunocompetent patients with a confirmed diagnosis of PCNSL were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical presentation, laboratory examination, imaging characteristics, histopathologic types and treatment were analyzed. RESULTS: Single-locus lesion was found in thirty-six patients and multi-locus lesions were found in seven patients. Forty-seven operations were performed. The main characteristics including increased intracranial pressure in 22 cases (51.2%) followed by hemiparesis, seizure and speech problems in 16 cases (37.2%), disturbance of intellectual function and mental confusion in 10 cases (23.3%), contents of cerebrospinal fluid protein concentrations increased in 8 of 12 tested cases (66.7%). Histopathologic exam showed B-cell lymphoma in 40 (40/41, 97.6%) and T-cell lymphoma in 1 case (1/41, 2.4%). Ki-67 positive expression is 42.8% +/- 23.3% in 3 samples. CONCLUSIONS: CT, MRI and CSF cytological examination are mainly diagnostic methods for PCNSL. Elevated lymphocyte counting in peripheral blood can not be the diagnostic criteria for PCNSL. The purpose of operation is alleviating symptom, increasing quantity of life and making histopathologic diagnosis. Adjuvant chemotherapy plus whole-brain radiation is an efficient treatment for PCNSL.