不同来源的间充质干细胞治疗骨与软骨组织疾病的研究进展

近年来,随着细胞和组织工程技术的发展,间充质干细胞广泛受到关注和研究,具有易分离获取、培养过程相对简单等优点,并且能够自我更新并分化成多种细胞类型,包括成骨细胞、软骨细胞、脂肪细胞等,是较为理想的种子细胞。在骨髓间充质干细胞大量的研究基础上,脂肪、骨骼肌、滑膜等多种不同来源的间充质干细胞也广泛应用在骨及软骨组织的体内研究和体外研究中。虽然间充质干细胞在基础性研究方面取得了飞跃进展,但在临床推广应用干细胞治疗上还面临着诸多问题,如对间充质干细胞的分化机理尚不明确,对其定向分化无法进行精确调控,且存在诸多限制骨和软骨再生的几个因素,很大程度上影响治疗的效果,故仍需进一步深入研究。

Research progresses of treating bone and cartilage tissue diseases using mesenchymal stem cells from different sources

In recent years, with the development of cell and tissue engineering techniques, mesenchymal stem cells have been widely concerned and studied. They have the advantages of easy separation and acquisition, relatively simple culture process, and can self-renew and differentiate into a variety of cell types, including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, fat cells, etc. thus are ideal stem cells. Based on a large number of studies on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, those from various sources such as fat, skeletal muscle and synovium are also widely used in the in vivo and in vitro studies of bone and cartilage tissue. Although mesenchymal stem cells have made rapid progress in basic research, there are still many problems in the clinical application of stem cell therapy, such as the differentiation mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells is not clear, the directional differentiation cannot be precisely regulated, and there are many factors limiting bone and cartilage regeneration. These affect the effect of treatment to a great extent, and therefore further research is needed.