胎儿心律失常的临床意义及预后的研究

目的 总结胎儿心律失常原因，进一步探讨其临床意义及对胎儿预后的影响。方法 采用回顾性分析方法，对26例胎儿心律失常孕妇的情况、胎儿心律失常的临床表现、诊断方法及长期随诊结果进行总结。结果 胎儿心律失常的发生率为0．2％。26例胎儿心律失常中，3例为胎儿心动过速(11．5％)，4例为胎儿心动过缓(15．4％)，19例为不规则胎儿心律(73．1％)；胎儿心律失常平均诊断孕周为35托周(15～41^ 1周)。26例中22例为产前胎心听诊时发现胎儿心律失常；1例为妊娠15周超声检查时发现胎儿心律失常；3例胎心监测发现胎儿心律失常。17例产前进行了胎儿超声心动检查，心脏结构未见异常，其中6例胎儿超声心动检查提示胎儿房性早搏，占35．3％，余未见异常。产后新生儿均存活，随诊24例(92．3％)，16例新生儿进行了超声心动检查，其中2例诊断为先天性心脏病，均为房间膈缺损。先天性心脏病新生儿在心律失常胎儿中发生率为7．7％。结论 大多数心律失常的胎儿预后是好的，心脏畸形的发生率很低。对于持续性心率慢的胎儿，需注意心脏结构异常的存在；对于心律失常胎儿的处理采用期待疗法，根据产科指征决定终止妊娠的方式。

The Clinical Significance and Prognosis of Fetal Arrhythmias

Objective To summarize the common causes of fetal arrhythmia and explore its clinical significance and correlation with fetal prognosis. Methods The clinical situation and diagnostic procedure as well as the results of long-term follow-up of 26 cases of fetal arrthythmias were analyzed retrospectively. Results The incidence of fetal arrhythmias is 0.2%. 11.5%(3/26) of them were diagnosed fetal tachycardia, 15.4% (4/26) of them were diagnosed fetal bradycardia and 73.1% (19/26)were diagnosed irregular fetal cardiac rhythm . The average gestational age they were diagnosed was 35 +2 weeks (15 weeks to 41 +1weeks). Twenty-two cases were diagnosed by antenatal auscultation, 1 case was diagnosed by ultrasonography at 15 weeks' gestation, 3 cases were diagnosed by fetal heart monitoring. We performed fetal echocardiograms on 17 fetuses, 6 cases (35.3%)showed that premature atrial contraction with normal structure of fetal heart. All of the neonates survived postnatally and 24 of them (92.3%) accepted follow-up. Echocardiograms for16 neonates were performed and 2 of them were identified as atrial septal defects with normal heart rhythms. The incidence of structure heart disease in fetal arrhythmia is 7.7%. Conclusion The prognosis is well for most of the fetuses with arrhythmias, the incidence of heart structure disease is very low among them. We should pay attention to diagnose the fetus of heart structure disease with persistant bradycardia. Temporization for the management of arrhythmiatic fetuses should be accepted and the decision for termination of pregnancy should be made according to obstetric indication.