湖南部分地区5999名居民健康素养现状及其影响因素分析

目的了解湖南省部分地区居民健康素养现状及其影响因素。方法采用面对面询问调查方法,对随机选择的5 999名居民进行问卷调查。采用Epidata 3.0建立数据库,运用非条件Logistic回归模型分析居民健康素养的影响因素。结果本次调查地区居民健康知识知晓率、健康技能掌握率及健康行为形成率分别为57.7%、55.4%及52.3%,城市居民高于农村居民（63.8%vs 51.6%,62.1%vs 48.8%,57.6%vs 47.0%）,差异均有统计学意义;多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示：少数民族（OR=1.906）、农村地区（OR=1.835）、重体力劳动者（OR=1.550）和家庭常住人口多（OR=1.061）的居民健康素养相对较低,女性（OR=0.868）、大专/本科及以上（OR=0.089）、家庭人均月收入为5 000~9 999元（OR=0.282）的居民健康素养相对较高。结论居民健康素养较低,应重视其影响因素并采取必要的健康教育干预,以提高居民健康素养水平。

Current Status of Health Literacy and Its Influencing Factors Among 5,999 Residents in Some Areas of Hunan

Objective To investigate the current situation of health literacy and its influencing factors among the residents of some areas of Hunan. Methods A face to face interview was conducted among 5,999 residents who were randomly selected in some areas of Hunan.Non-conditional Logistic regression models were used to assess the possible influencing factors of health literacy of the residents. Results The awareness rate of health knowledge,the grasping rate of health skills and the formation rate of optimal behaviors in the residents of surveyed areas were 57.7%,55.4% and 52.3%,respectively.The rates of urban residents were significantly higher than those of rural residents(63.8% vs 51.6%,62.1% vs 48.8%,57.6% vs 47.0%),and the difference was statistically significant.Non-conditional Logistic regression analysis results showed that minority nationality residents(OR=1.906),rural area residents(OR=1.835),the workers with heavy workload(OR=1.550) and the residents with more permanent family-members(OR=1.061) had relatively low health literacy,while female residents(OR=0.868),residents with junior college degree or bachelor degree or above(OR=0.089),and residents with higher income per family member(5,000～9,999/month,OR=0.282) had relatively high health literacy. Conclusions Health literacy level of the residents in surveyed areas is relatively lower.We should pay attention to the influencing factors and conduct necessary health education intervention so as to improve residents’ health literacy.