同一医院5年期间活体供肾摘取后供者孤肾功能变化117例分析

目的:通过在活体供肾摘取后对供者孤肾功能进行全面性、规律性、连续性地评估,了解供者孤肾在活体供肾摘取后的功能变化,从而分析活体供肾摘取的临床可行性.方法:选择亲属活体肾移植供者117例,肾摘取后通过连续监测血清肌酐水平、肾小球滤过率、尿常规及血压水平等各项指标,并在出院后坚持随访,全面评估供者孤肾在活体供肾摘取后的变化及供者的全身健康状况.结果:117例活体供肾患者均顺利接受手术,其中2例肾摘取后围手术期出现药物过敏反应;8例肾摘取后尿常规镜检有红细胞;5例出现微量蛋白尿;15例出现尿路感染;3例围手术期出现情绪焦虑,对自身健康状况表示担心;22例围手术期出现切口疼痛或不适;19例出现血压轻度增高,但均在正常血压范围内.所有供者肾摘取后均出现肾小球滤过率的下降,下降4～25 mL/min,平均(9.4±4.7) mL/min,均未超出正常肾小球滤过率范围.所有供者肾摘取后均出现血清肌酐升高,43例在供肾后2个月时仍超过正常水平;在肌酐增长水平与肾小球滤过率下降程度的比较中,左侧与右侧孤肾、男性与女性供者间差异均无显著性意义;但50岁以上供者肌酐水平高于50岁以下供者(P < 0.01).所有患者经对症治疗后各项指标均恢复正常,除外5例肌酐水平至今仍异常,但均稳定在135 μmol/L以内.结论:供者孤肾在活体供肾摘取后各项监测指标均有不同程度变化,甚至在短期内超出正常水平,但这些指标变化并不影响孤肾的整体功能,不影响供者的整体健康状况,从临床角度分析,活体供肾移植是安全可行的.

Evaluation of single renal function in 117 donors following living renal transplantation during 5 years

OBJECTIVE: To generally, regularly, and continuously evaluate single renal function in donors following living renal transplantation, to study functional changes of single kidney, and to analyze clinical feasibility of living renal transplantation. METHODS: A total of 117 living kidney donors had been selected in this study. Following renal transplantation, indicators of creatinine (Cr), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine microscopic examination, blood pressure were monitored and followed up so as to generally evaluate the variation of single renal function and health status of living donor. RESULTS: All 117 living donors accepted kidney transplantation successfully. There were untoward events including 2 cases for drug anaphylaxis, 8 cases for microscopic hematuria, 5 cases for proteinuria, 15 cases for urinary tract infection, 3 cases for anxious emotion after operation, and 22 cases for wound pain. The blood pressure was increased in 19 cases and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was decreased 4-25 mL/min with the average value of (9.4±4.7) mL/min in all cases, but the rates did not exceed the normal level. Nearly all of the cases displayed creatinine rising and 43 cases still had high creatinine level in 2 months after operation. There were no significant differences between creatinine level and sex, and left or right kidney of donor, but creatinine level of patients (> 50 years old) was significantly higher than patients (< 50 years old) (P < 0.01). Indicators of all cases returned the normal value after operation; however, creatinine level of 5 cases was still abnormal (135 μmol/L). CONCLUSION: The function detail could be fluctuated after living donor renal transplantation, or even exceeded the normal value, but the variation did not impact the whole function for the single kidney and influence the holistic health for donor, thus it could be safe and feasible for living donor renal transplantation.