不同程度帕金森病患者视盘参数及视网膜神经纤维层厚度定量分析

目的观察不同程度帕金森病(PD)患者视盘参数及视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度的变化。方法2016年10月至2017年10月于首都医科大学宣武医院神经内科检查确诊的原发性PD患者30例30只眼纳入研究。其中,轻中度、重度PD各为15例15只眼,并据此分组。选取同期健康志愿者20名20只眼作为正常对照组。采用傅里叶域OCT对所有受检眼视盘进行扫描。测量视盘面积、视杯面积、杯盘面积比、盘沿容积、视盘容积、视杯容积、盘沿面积、C/D面积、水平C/D、垂直C/D等参数;视盘平均以及上方、下方、颞侧上方(TU)、上方颞侧(ST)、上方鼻侧(SN)、鼻侧上方(NU)、鼻侧下方(NL)、下方鼻侧(IN)、下方颞侧(IT)、颞侧下方(TL)象限的RNFL厚度。3组受检眼视盘参数和RNFL厚度比较采用单因素方差分析;两两比较采用最小显著差法t检验。结果轻中度PD组、重度PD组、正常对照组受检眼视盘面积比较,差异无统计学意义(F=1.226,P>0.05);其余各项视盘参数比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=5.221、5.586、6.302、5.926、5.319、5.404、5.861、6.603,P<0.05)。轻中度PD组、重度PD组受检眼视杯面积、视杯容积、C/D面积、水平C/D、垂直C/D大于正常对照组,盘沿面积、盘沿容积、视盘容积小于正常对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);重度PD组受检眼视杯面积、视杯容积、C/D面积、水平C/D、垂直C/D大于轻中度PD组,盘沿面积、盘沿容积、视盘容积小于轻中度PD组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。轻中度PD组、重度PD组、正常对照组受检眼视盘ST、SN、NU、NL象限RNFL比较,差异无统计学意义(F=3.586、2.852、2.961、2.404,P>0.05)。轻中度PD组、重度PD组受检眼平均RNFL以及TU、IN、IT、TL象限RNFL厚度均小于正常对照组;重度PD组受检眼平均以及TU、IN、IT、TL象限RNFL厚度均小于轻中度PD组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中,随着PD程度的加重,TL、TU象限RNFL变薄最为显著。结论PD患者视盘面积及容积缩小,视杯面积及容积扩大,C/D明显扩大;与正常对照组比较,平均RNFL厚度明显变薄,且以颞上、颞下方最为显著。

Quantitative analysis of optic disc structure and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with different degrees of Parkinson's disease

Objective To observe the changes of optic disc structure and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness(RNFL)in patients with different degrees of Parkinson's disease(PD).Methods Thirty eyes of 30 patients with primary PD and 20 eyes of 20 healthy subjects(control group)in Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from October 2016 to October 2017 were enrolled in this study.The patients were divided into mild to moderate PD group(15 eyes of 15 patients)and severe PD group(15 eyes of 15 patients).All the patients underwent OCT examination.The optic disc area,cup area,C/D area ratio,rim volume,disc volume,cup volume,rim area,C/D area,linear C/D,vertical C/D,the thickness of average RNFL,superior,inferior,temporal upper(TU),superior temporal(ST),superior nasal(SN),nasal upper(NU),nasal lower(NL),inferior nasal(IN),inferior temporal(IT),temporal lower(TL)quadrant RNFL thickness.Analysis of variance was performed for comparison among three groups.Minimum significant difference t test was performed for comparison between two groups.Results Optic disc structure parameters:there was no significant difference in the area of optic disc between the three groups(F=1.226,P>0.05).The other optic disc parameters were significantly different in the three groups(F=5.221,5.586,6.302,5.926,5.319,5.404,5.861,6.603;P<0.05).The cup area,cup volume,C/D area,linear C/D,vertical C/D of the mild to moderate PD group and severe PD group were higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The cup area,cup volume,C/D area,linear C/D,vertical C/D of the severe PD group were higher than those of mild to moderate PD group(P<0.05),the rim area,rim volume and disc volume of the severe PD group were smaller than that of mild to moderate PD group(P<0.05).The thickness of RNFL:there was no significant difference between the three groups of ST,SN,NU and NL(F=3.586,2.852,2.961,2.404;P>0.05).The average thickness of RNFL,TU,IN,IT and TL in patients of the mild to moderate PD group and severe PD group were less than that in the control group(P<0.05).The thickness of the average RNFL,TU,IN,IT and TL in patients of the severe PD group were less than that in the mild to moderate PD group(P<0.05).With the increase of PD severity,the RNFL of TL and TU thinned most significantly.Conclusions With the increase of the severity of PD,the optic disc structure and RNFL thickness changes obviously,showing reduced optic disc area and volume,enlarged cup area and volume significantly enlarged C/D ratio.The average RNFL thickness of PD patients is significantly thinner than that of the controls,and it is the most obvious in the TU and TL quadrant.