柴胡总皂苷粗提取物对小鼠急性毒性实验研究

目的探讨柴胡总皂苷提取物对小鼠急性毒性的影响。方法采用经典的小鼠急性毒性试验方法,进行柴胡总皂苷粗提取物对小鼠的急性毒性研究。结果按含生药量计算,柴胡总皂苷粗提取物对小鼠的半数致死量（LD50）为94.974g·kg-1·d-1,相当于临床70kg成人每公斤人日用量的422.8倍;95%可信限为88.742～103.76g·kg-1·d-1,相当于临床70kg成人每公斤人日用量的414.1～484.2倍;按含总皂苷含量计算,LD50为5231.5mg·kg-1·d-1,95%可信限为4886.1～5721.2mg·kg-1·d-1。死亡小鼠急性毒性主要表现为安静怠动,即而出现走路不稳、腹卧昏睡、心率加快、呼吸急促、连续性抽搐、神经抑制而死亡。存活小鼠在14天观察期内体重增长缓慢,余未见明显异常。结论柴胡药材具有一定的毒性,与临床报道相一致。柴胡总皂苷既是其发挥功效的主要化学成分,又是其产生毒性的主要物质基础。其毒性部位以及体内蓄积毒性的＂量-时-毒＂关系有待进一步研究。

Experimental Study on Mice's Acute Toxicity of Total Bupleurum Saponin Extracts

Objective To discuss the effect of total Bupleurum saponin extracts on mice＇s acute toxicity.Methods Make the study on mice＇s acute toxicity of the total Bupleurum saponin extracts in accordance with classical acute toxicity test methods.Results Caculated by dried medicinal herbs,the LD50 of the total Bupleurum saponin extracts is 94.974 g·kg-1·d-1,which is equal to 422.8 times of 70kg people＇s daily dried medicinal herb expenses,and the 95% confidence interval is 88.742～103.76 g·kg-1·d-1,which is equal to 414.1～484.2 times of 70kg people＇s daily dried medicinal herb expenses;caculated by total saikosaponin,the LD50 is 5 231.5 mg·kg-·1d-1,and the 95% confidence interval is 4 886.1～5 721.2 mg·kg-1·d-1.The main acute toxicity symptoms of dead mice are negligent action,then arising from unsteady gait,abdominal lying sleeping,rapid heart rate,shortness of breath,continuous convulsions,neurological inhibition,and eventually to death.The surviving mice＇s weight gainings are slow in 14d observation period and there are no other obvious abnormalities.Conclusion The Bupleurum herb has a certain toxicity,which is consistent with the clinical report.The total saikosaponin is not only the mainly effective chemical components but also its mainly toxical material basis.Its toxical sites and the ＂dose-time-poison＂ relationships of accumulated toxicity relations are all to be further studied.