Cell Wall Mannan of Candida Attenuates Osteogenic Differentiation by Human Dental Pulp Cells

IntroductionCandida spp. has recently been introduced to interact with conventional carious bacteria, leading to dental caries progression and virulence ability. Evidence regarding the influence of Candida spp. on human dental pulp cell response remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Candida albicans mannans on cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and inflammatory-related gene expression in human dental pulp cells (hDPCs).MethodshDPCs were treated with cell wall mannans isolated from C. albicans, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, Candida tropocalis, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida dubliniensis. Cell viability was performed using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay. Osteogenic differentiation– and inflammatory-related gene expression were determined using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Mineralization was examined using alizarin red S staining.ResultsThe treatment of mannans isolated from C. albicans, C. krusei, C. glabrata, C. tropocalis, C. parapsilosis, and C. dubliniensis at concentrations ranging from 10–100 μg/mL did not affect cytotoxicity or cell proliferation. Mannans isolated from C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. tropocalis significantly attenuated mineralization. However, cell wall mannans isolated from C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, and C. dubliniensis did not significantly influence mineral deposition in hDPCs. C. albicans cell wall mannans significantly attenuated osteogenic differentiation–related gene expression (RUNX2, ALP, and ENPP1). Interestingly, IL12 messenger RNA expression was significantly upregulated when treated with C. albicans cell wall mannans. The addition of recombinant IL12 significantly decreased mineralization in hDPCs.ConclusionsC. albicans cell wall mannans attenuated osteogenic differentiation in hDPCs and up-regulated inflammatory-related gene IL12 expression.