中国中小学校日常室内空气质量监测和管理现况

目的了解中国中小学校日常室内空气质量监测和管理现况,为制定学习生活环境的卫生标准提供科学依据。方法采用分层抽样的方法抽取中国17个省(区、市)2 400所学校,通过问卷调查的方式对学校相关负责人进行日常通风换气情况的资料收集,采用χ2检验分析不同学校类型间通风换气情况。结果 317所学校(占13.2%)检测过空气环境中CO2浓度。CO2日常检测情况城区学校优于乡镇学校,在寄宿/非寄宿分层中,非寄宿学校优于寄宿学校,差异均有统计学意义(χ^2值分别为72.06,21.89,P值均<0.01)。日常检测过CO、可吸入颗粒物和可挥发性污染物的学校比例依次为6.5%,7.5%,9.3%。在参与调查的学校中,80.8%有日常通风换气制度,其中在寒冷季节每天换气累计时间在90 min以上的学校有925所,占38.5%;少于30 min的学校有331所,占13.8%。结论卫生和教育等相关部门应完善针对教室空气质量监测的规定和标准。建议由疾病预防控制中心等有资质的检测机构进行检测,并加强学校管理力度,为中小学生营造健康的学习生活环境。

Indoor air quality monitoring and management in primary and secondary schools in China

Objective To investigate indoor air quality monitoring and management in primary and secondary schools, so as to provide scientific basis for health protection of students and healthy school environment. Methods Stratified sampling method was adopted to select schools for investigation. Data of daily ventilation and ventilation was collected from relevant principals of schools through questionnaire survey. Chi-square test was used to analyze the difference of ventilation and ventilation among different types of schools. Results Daily indoor air quality testing indicators: 317 schools(13.2%) have tested the concentration of CO2 in the air environment. Daily detection of CO2 in urban schools was significantly better than that in township schools, and the difference is statistically significant(χ2=72.06, P<0.01);Non-boarding schools were superior than boarding schools(χ^2=21.89, P<0.01). The proportion of schools that routinely tested for carbon monoxide, particulate matter and volatile pollutants was 6.5%, 7.5% and 9.3%, respectively. Of the schools that participated in the survey, 80.8% had a daily ventilation system. Among them, 925 schools(38.5%) had a cumulative daily ventilation time of more than 90 minutes in cold season, and 331 schools(13.8%) had a daily ventilation time of less than 30 minutes. Conclusion Regulations and standards for school air quality monitoring needs to be improved. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention or other qualified institutions are suggested to lead air quality monitoring in schools testing, creating a healthy learning and living environment for primary and secondary school students.