STING1 in sepsis: Mechanisms,functions, and implications |
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| Authors: | Ruo-Xi Zhang Rui Kang Dao-Lin Tang |
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| Affiliation: | Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
Sepsis is a life-threatening clinical syndrome and one of the most challenging health problems in the world. Pathologically, sepsis and septic shock are caused by a dysregulated host immune response to infection, which can eventually lead to multiple organ failure and even death. As an adaptor transporter between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1 (STING1, also known as STING or TMEM173) has been found to play a vital role at the intersection of innate immunity, inflammation, autophagy, and cell death in response to invading microbial pathogens or endogenous host damage. There is ample evidence that impaired STING1, through its immune and non-immune functions, is involved in the pathological process of sepsis. In this review, we discuss the regulation and function of the STING1 pathway in sepsis and highlight it as a suitable drug target for the treatment of lethal infection. |
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| Keywords: | Sepsis STING1 Cell death Inflammation Immunity STING1" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0040" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1 PAMPs" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0050" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" pathogen-associated molecular patterns DAMPs" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0060" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" damage-associated molecular patterns PRRs" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0070" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" pattern-recognizing receptors LPS" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0080" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" lipopolysaccharides HMGB1" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0090" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" high-mobility group box 1 type I IFNs" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0100" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" type I interferons ER" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0110" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" endoplasmic reticulum CGAS" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0120" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" cyclic GMP-AMP synthase mtDNA" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0130" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" mitochondrial DNA nDNA" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0140" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" nuclear DNA cGAMP" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0150" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate CDNs" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0160" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" cyclic dinucleotides EGFR" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0170" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" epidermal growth factor receptor cfDNA" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0180" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" cell-free DNA TLR9" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0190" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" toll-like receptor 9 IRF3" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0200" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" interferon regulatory factor 3 ALK" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0210" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" ALK receptor tyrosine kinase AKT" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0220" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" serine-threonine kinase CLP" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0230" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" cecal ligation and puncture AIM2" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0240" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" absent in melanoma 2 caspase" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0250" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" CASP IFNAR1" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0260" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" interferon alpha and beta receptor subunit 1 CXCL10" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0270" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 TBK1" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0280" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" TANK-binding kinase 1 DMXAA" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0290" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid TNFα" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0300" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" tumor necrosis factor α IL" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0310" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" interleukin CCL2" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0320" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 NF-κB" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0330" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" nuclear factor-κB SQSTM1" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0340" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" sequestosome 1 RIPK" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0350" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" receptor interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase MLKL" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0360" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" mixed-lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase GSDMD" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0370" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" gasdermin D GSDMD-N" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0380" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" N-terminal fragment of GSDMD GPX4" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0390" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" glutathione peroxidase 4 PLCG1" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0400" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" phospholipase C gamma 1 |
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