中药石斛鉴定研究——Ⅰ.石斛原植物和药材调查

本文通过对商品“石斛”主产区广西、贵州、四川、云南等省区原植物和药材调查,确定了商品石斛原植物有21个种,其中以粉花石斛Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfe、铁皮石斛Dendrobium candidum Wall. ex Lindl.、重唇石斛Dendrobium hercoglossum Rchb. f.、束花石斛Dendrobium chrysanthum Wall. ex Lindl.、流苏石斛Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook.、钩状石斛Dendrobium aduncum Wall.ex Lindl.和罗河石斛Dendrobium lohohense Tang et Wang等产量较大,使用最广;作了原植物检索表和药材检索表,对原植物产地和生境作了记载,提供药材鉴别和采集加工方法,并附药材照片。

STUDY OF THE CHINESE DRUG SHI-HU(Dendrobiums)——Ⅰ. INVESTIGATION OF BOTANICAL ORIGIN AND THE DRUG

Shi-hu is a traditional Chinese drug. It has the effect of promoting the salivary secretion and alleviating thirst. The commercial standards and names of this drug sold in the Chinese market are quite different, on the basis of different processing methods. A revision has been made in the present paper as to the plant sources and botanical orgin of this drug, based on both field and herbarium work. There are two kinds of crude drugs, i. e. dry goods and fresh plant, in the market under 9 names assigned to 21 species. Most of them belong to genus Dendrobium Sw. and a few others to Ephemerantha P. F. Hunt et Summerh.The results are summarized in the following table. Among the largest in quantity are: Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfe, Dendrobium candidum Wall. ex Lindl., Dendrobium hercoglossum Rchb. f., Dendrobium chrysanthum Wall. ex Lindl., Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook., Dendrobium aduncum Wall. ex Lindl. and Dendrobium lohohense Tang et Wang, Keys for both plants and commercial drugs as well as some photograph of them have been provided to facilitate the identification.