Pretreatment with neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf preparation in Swiss mice diminishes leukopenia and enhances the antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide

Cancer chemotherapy is associated with several life threatening complications, including bone marrow suppression and leucopenia. To overcome this problem, colony stimulating factor (CSF), granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GMCSF), can be used, however, these therapeutics are expensive and have several disadvantages, including tumor growth promoting activities. This study attempted to use an immunostimulatory neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf preparation (NLP) to prevent the cyclophosphamide (CYP) induced reduction in the WBC count. Pretreatment of mice with NLP reduced the extent of leucopenia and neutropenia in normal and tumor bearing CYP treated mice. NLP pretreatment enhanced in vitro tumor cell cytotoxicity by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from CYP treated mice in either normal or tumor bearing conditions. Similarly, NLP pretreatment of mice enhanced the CYP mediated in vivo tumor growth inhibition and survivability of the host. Based on these observations, it is concluded that NLP would be an effective tool to reduce CYP-induced hematological complications.