生姜抗运动病药理作用研究

干姜乙醇提取液(简称姜液)静脉注射,可使家兔皮层脑电图由低幅快波变为高幅慢波;使家兔在体胃运动幅度短暂抑制。姜液对离体大鼠胃底条运动幅度有先兴奋后抑制作用,且抑制胃底条运动频率。姜液致离体豚鼠回肠的收缩效应有快速耐受性,该收缩效应不受六烃季铵、5-羟色胺(5-HT)预处理影响,但可被冷冻、东茛菪碱、吗啡、苯海拉明、异丙嗪及P物质脱敏预处理所抑制。纳络酮可消除吗啡的作用。姜液对离体豚鼠回肠Ach、组胺性量效关系呈现非竞争性拮抗。提示生姜通过P物质介导兴奋M、H_1受体,并对MH_1受体有先兴奋后抑制作用;生姜通过中枢及外周抗胆碱和抗组胺效应而发挥抗运动病作。

Pharmacologic Studies of Antimotion Sickness Actions of Ginger

The pharmacologic actions related to antimotion sickness effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe.) were studied. There was no significant effect on parameters of rotatory movement-induced electronystagmogram of rabbit after intravenous (i. v.) injection of ginger juice. The low amplitude fast wave pattern of electrocorticogram of rabbit changed to high amplitude slow wave pattern after i. v. injection of ginger juice. Rabbit gastric contraction in situ was shortly suppressed after ginger juice i. v. administration. In the isolated rat fundus strip preparations, however, ginger juice reduced the spontaneous contractile frequency, and enhanced the spontaneous contractile amplitude, which was followed by inhibition. Ginger juice produced longitudinal contraction of the guinea-pig isolated ileum, which was followed by rapid tachyphylaxis. This contraction effect was not affected by hexamethonium and 5-HT, but could be inhibited by cold storage, hyoscine, morphine, diphenhydramine, promethazine and substance P desensitization. Naloxone could eliminate this inhibition produced by morphine. By using dose-response relationship plot, non-competitive antagonisms were observed between ginger juice and Ach and between ginger juice and histamine in isolated guinea-pig ileum. It is suggested that the pungent constituents of ginger release substance P from sensory fibres.The released substance P in turn either stimulates cholinergic and histaminic neurons to release Ach and histamine, respectively, or produces direct muscle contraction by activating M and H1 receptors correspondingly. It is proposed that after being excited by substance P, M and H1 receptors are inactive temporarily and unable to be excited by angonists, therefore, ginger juice exhibits anticholinergic and antihistaminic action. Ginger juice produces antimotion sickness action possibly by central and peripheral anticholinergic and antihistaminic effects.