Omental Chemotherapy Effects as a Prognostic Factor in Ovarian Cancer Patients Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Delayed Primary Surgical Debulking

Background We sought to assess the prognostic significance of chemotherapy effect on upper abdominal metastatic disease. Methods Retrospective chart reviews were carried out from 1997 to 2005 to identify ovarian cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Pathologic examinations of resected omental and ovarian tumors for the presence of chemotherapy effect were performed. Cox proportional hazard models were built to model time to progression and death by using predictor variables of age, tumor grade, amount and location of largest residual disease, and the presence of chemotherapy effects on resected tumors. Results Sixty-six patients with available slides and clinical information were identified. The presence of omental chemotherapy effects was observed in 58 patients (88%). Identified independent statistically significant predictors for progression-free survival included presence of omental chemotherapy effect (hazard ratio [HR], .38; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], .17–.89; P = .026) and suboptimal tumor residuals in upper abdominal location compared with pelvic location (HR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.06–5.48; P = .035). The presence of omental chemotherapy effect was the only statistically significant predictor of disease specific survival (HR, .21; 95% CI, .068–.639; P = .006). The estimated median survival for the group with positive omental chemotherapy effect was 84.45 months (95% CI, 69.63–99.28). The corresponding statistic in patients with no observed response to chemotherapy was 31.15 months (95% CI, 21.84–40.47). Conclusions Upper abdominal disease location and its response to chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for progression-free survival. Aggressive upper abdominal debulking procedures are recommended to improve oncologic outcomes.