Ketamine Promotes Inflammation through Increasing TLR4 Expression in RAW264.7 Cells |
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作者姓名: | 蒙臣 刘真 刘桂林 付丽莎 张敏 张曌 夏慧敏 张诗海 徐尤年 |
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作者单位: | Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology |
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摘 要: | Summery: Ketamine(KTM), a N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA) receptor antagonist, was found to has an anti-inflammatory effect, but some patients suffered from exacerbated pro-inflammatory reactions after anesthesia with KTM. The present study was aimed to examine the underlying mechanism of pro-inflammatory effects of KTM. In this study, RAW264.7 cells were exposed to KTM and NMDA alone or combined for 30 min before lipopolysaccharide(LPS) stimulation. The expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were detected by RT-PCR and ELISA, and those of NMDA receptors by RT-PCR in RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, the TLR4 expression was determined by RT-PCR and flow cytometry, respectively. The results showed that in RAW264.7 cells, KTM alone promoted the TLR4 expression, but did not increase the expression of IL-6 or TNF-α. In the presence of LPS, KTM caused a significantly higher expression of IL-6 and TNF-α than LPS alone. NMDA could neither alter the IL-6 and TNF-α m RNA expression, nor reverse the enhanced expression of IL-6 and TNF-α m RNA by KTM in LPS-challenged cells. After TLR4-si RNA transfection, RAW264.7 cells pretreated with KTM no longer promoted the IL-6 and TNF-α expression in the presence of LPS. In conclusion, KTM accelerated LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells by promoting TLR4 expression, independent of NMDA receptor.
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关 键 词: | RAW NMDA alone aspartate anesthesia cytometry RNA transfection stimulation promoted |
Ketamine Promotes Inflammation through Increasing TLR4 Expression in RAW264.7 Cells |
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