SARS-CoV-2疫苗研发进展与挑战

2020年,一场突如其来的新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)的流行,让全世界的公共卫生体系经受了严峻的考验。因此,获得有效预防和治疗SARS-CoV-2的疫苗是全世界共同的期待。目前,全球已经有两百多种疫苗处于临床前研究和临床试验阶段,但由于SARS-CoV-2首次肆虐人类,目前对其诱导免疫应答的规律及机制尚不完全清楚,且各类疫苗开发时间及临床应用数据有限,尚不能确定哪一款SARS-CoV-2疫苗具有更好的保护性及安全性。本文从SARS-CoV-2关键结构、免疫应答特征、现有的SARS-CoV-2疫苗研发技术路线及目前疫苗开发面临的挑战等方面进行综述,以期为SARS-CoV-2疫苗研发提供理论基础及思考。

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development and challenges

In 2020,the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic has made the world's public system withstand extreme tests.Therefore,it is urgently expected to develop a vaccine that can effectively prevent the SARS-CoV-2 in the worldwide.At present,more than 200 vaccines are in the preclinical research or undergoing clinical trials.However,much remains to be studied because SARS-CoV-2 ravaged humans for the first time,and the mechanisms underlying its inducing immune response are not yet fully understood.Moreover,with limited time and clinical application data,it is still uncertain which SARS-CoV-2 vaccine can provide better protection and higher safety.This article reviews the key structure of SARS-CoV-2,the characteristics of immune response,the existing technical routes of SARS-CoV-2 research and the challenges faced by the current vaccine development,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the development of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.