乙型肝炎表面抗原阳性孕妇的乙型肝炎病毒感染状态及其相关知识知晓率调查

目的分析乙型肝炎表面抗原(hepatitis B surface antigen,HBsAg)阳性孕妇的乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus, HBV)感染状态及其相关知识的知晓情况,为有针对性实施HBV母婴传播阻断措施提供数据支持。方法对2018年5月-2019年4月在河南省焦作市解放区所有医院待产的HBsAg阳性孕妇进行问卷调查,并进行HBV感染相关的血清学检测。对调查所得的人口学特征、HBV感染相关知识、HBV血清学检测结果等数据通过SPSS 19.0进行统计分析。结果纳入HBsAg阳性孕妇212例,其中163例患者完成了问卷和血样采集,平均年龄为(30.0±4.9)岁,大专以上文化程度占62.6%(102/163)。HBeAg阳性孕妇占30.7%(50/163),20.9%(34/163)的患者HBV DNA载量≥1×10⁵拷贝/ml。对孕妇感染HBV的年龄进行调查,结果显示47.9%(78/163)的孕妇>20岁时发现感染HBV,只有4.9%(8/163)的孕妇<5岁时发现感染HBV。94.5%(154/163)的孕妇知道HBV可通过血液传播和HBV可由母亲传染给新生儿,67.5%(110/163)的孕妇知道新生儿感染HBV大概率会发展成为慢性乙型肝炎(chronic hepatitis, CHB),HBV的平均知识知晓率为78.8%(1 413/1 793)。结论有必要持续加强育龄期妇女HBV相关知识教育,引导HBsAg阳性妇女加强妊娠前、妊娠期检测,了解自身HBV感染情况。

HBV infection status and knowledge of hepatitis B in HBsAg-positive pregnant women

Objective To analyze the status of hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection and the knowledge of hepatitis B among hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)-positive pregnant women in Henan province of China. Methods From May 2018 to April 2019, all HBsAg positive pregnant women who received perinatal health care or waited for parturition in all district hospitals of Jiaotuo city in Henan province were selected for questionnaire survey and detection of HBV serological markers.SPSS 19.0 was used for data analysis. Results A total of 212 HBsAg positive pregnant women were investigated, and 163 of them completed the questionnaire and blood sample collection.The average age was 30.0±4.9 years old, and the education level above junior college was 62.6%(102/163).The proportion of HBeAg positivity was 30.7%(50/163), and the proportion of HBV DNA load higher than 1×10⁵ copy/ml was 20.9%(34/163).The results showed that 47.9%(78/163) of pregnant women knew that they were infected with HBV after twenty years old.Only 4.9%(8/163) knew that they were infected with HBV before five years old.The majority of them(94.5%,154/163) knew that HBV could be transmitted through blood and from mother to child, and 67.5%(110/163) knew that new-borns infected with HBV had more probability to develop into chronic HBV infection. Conclusions It is necessary to educate HBV-related knowledge for women of childbearing age,to guide HBsAg positive women for HBV detection before and during pregnancy and understand their own HBV infection status.