2012 - 2016年渭南市国家监测点流感监测结果分析

目的 对渭南市2012 - 2016年流感样病例（influenza like illness, ILI）实验室检测结果进行分析，了解渭南市流感流行特征，为流感防控提供病原学依据。方法 对2012 - 2016年2 492份流感样病例标本进行病毒核酸检测,并就月份、年龄、职业、与患者症状关系进行分析。结果 2 492份ILI标本共检出阳性377份，总阳性率为15.13%（377/2 492），2012 - 2016年4个监测年度优势流感病毒分别为季节性H3、新甲型H1N1（2009）、季节性H3和乙型Victoria系流感。流感流行高峰在1 - 2月，5～15岁人群阳性率高于0～5岁人群。流感阳性病例男女比例为1.28∶1（204∶159）。散居儿童、幼托儿童、学生阳性率分别为11.12%（125/1 124）、16.80%（150/893）和19.64%（87/443），发病3 d内流感阳性率较高为15.56%（329/2 115），伴有咳嗽或咽痛人群流感阳性率（19.80%）高于无咽部症状者（5.59%），流感阳性率与患者体温呈正相关，甲型H1N1(2009) 流感分离阳性率最高，为67.86%（57/84）。结论 渭南市各亚型流感毒株逐年交替流行, 流感流行高峰位于第一季度。应加强在校学生流感监测，采集咳嗽或咽痛或体温较高等症状较明显的病例标本。

Analysis of influenza surveillance results at national surveillance sites in Weinan City from 2012 to 2016

Objective The study analyzed the laboratory test results of influenza like illness (ILI) in Weinan city from 2012 to 2016, aiming to, understand the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Weinan city and provide the etiological basis for the prevention and control of influenza. Methods A total of 2492 influenza like illness(ILI) specimens were detected for specificity RNA detection. The relationships between month, age, occupation and symptoms were analyzed. Results A total of 377 positive specimens were detected from the 2492 ILI specimens, with a total positive rate of 15.13%(377/2492). The predominant influenza viruses were respectively virus was seasonal H3, H1N1(2009), seasonal H3, and Victoria B in the four surveillance years from 2012 to 2016. The influenza epidemic peaked from January to February, and the influenza positive rate of people aged 5 to 15 was higher than that of people aged 0 to 5. The sex ratio(male to female) of influenza positive cases was 1.28:1 (204/159).The positive rate of scattered children ,childcare children and students was 11.12% (125/1124), 16.80% (150/893) and 19.64% (87/443) respectively. Influenza positive rate was 15.56% (329/2115) within 3 days of onset. Influenza positive rate was higher in people with cough or sore throat (19.80%) than those without throat symptoms (5.59%), there was a positive correlation between the body temperature of the patient and the influenza positive rate. Among the 111 isolated influenza virus strains, the highest positive rate of H1N1 (2009) was 15.12% (57/377). Conclusion The peak of influenza epidemic occurs in the first quarter, and influenza strains of different subtypes in Weinan City alternate year by year. Influenza surveillance in school students should be strengthened and specimens of cases with obvious symptoms such as cough, pharyngeal pain or high body temperature should be collected.