超声引导下经皮经肝胆囊/胆管置管引流术在肝胆系疾病中的临床应用

目的探讨超声引导下经皮经肝胆囊置管引流术(percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage，PTGD)／经皮经肝胆管置管引流术(percutaneous transhepatic bile duct drainage，PTBD)在肝胆系疾病中的应用价值。方法从2000年12月至2003年12月在超声引导下对60例患者施行PTGD／PTBD68例次，其中急性化脓性胆囊炎15例，急性重症胆管炎8例，各种恶性梗阻性黄疸37例。结果15例急性化脓性胆囊炎患者行PTGD术，14例成功，1例失败而中转手术。37例恶性梗阻性黄疸患者共行45例次PTBD术，42次置管成功，3例失败，其中2例中转手术，1例放弃治疗；14例择期行胆管癌切除术或姑息内引流术，8例在x线透视下放置胆道支撑架，15例患者长期带管，最长存活者已超过2年，平均9个月。8例急性重症胆管炎6例成功，1例因引流不畅而中转手术，1例死于多器官功能衰竭。并发症包括：胆漏2例，出血3例，门静脉胆管瘘1例，引流管脱出或阻塞7例。结论超声引导下PTGD／PTBD是胆道引流的有效方法，具有创伤小，操作简便、准确、安全，并发症少等优点，在肝胆系疾病，尤其是急性胆囊炎具有较大的临床应用价值。

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder or bile duct drainage in hepatobiliary diseases

Objective To investigate the practical value of ultrasound-guided percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGD) and percutaneous transhepatic bile duct drainage (PTBD)in the treatment of hepatobiliary diseases. Methods A total of 68 times of ultrasound-guided PTGD/PTBD were performed in 60 patients from December 2000 to December 2003, including 15 cases of acute pyogenic cholecystitis, 8 cases of acute severe cholangitis and 37 cases of malignant obstructive jaundice. Results Out of the 15 cases of acute pyogenic cholecystitis, PTGD was completed successfully in 14 cases and failed in 1 case which then required a conversion to open operation. The 37 cases of malignant obstructive jaundice had undergone 45 times of PTBD, which consisted of 42 times of successful drainage tube placement and 3 times of failure (2 cases of conversions to open operation and 1 case of quitting treatment). Out of the 37 cases, resection of bile duct carcinoma or palliative cholangiojejunostomy was conducted in 14 cases, stents were inserted into the bile ducts under radioscopy in 8 cases, and the drainage tubes were left in place permanently in 15 cases (the maximum survival time was over 2 years and the mean survival time was 9 months). Of the 8 cases of acute severe cholangitis, successful drainage was achieved in 6 cases, a conversion to open surgery was required in 1 case because of blocked drainage, and 1 patient died of the multiple organ failure (MOF). Complications included 2 cases of bile leakage, 3 cases of hemorrhage, 1 case of portal vein-bile duct fistula, and 7 cases of drainage tube dislocation or blockage. Conclusions Ultrasound-guided PTGD/PTBD is an effective alternative for bile duct drainage, with advantages of minimal invasion, simplicity and accurateness of performance, safety and fewer complications. It presents much clinical value for hepatobiliary diseases, especially acute cholecystitis.