青藏高原高原病流行病学的研究

为了搞清高原病的人群发病率及易患因素以利防治,自1978~1985年,在青藏高原广泛地区对三个不同海拔范围(2,261~2,808米、3,050~3,797米、4,068~5,226米)的移居和世居自然人群(儿童15,251人,成人25,618人)进行了一项流行病学研究。结果在进入高原的人群中急性高原病的发生率为:急性高原反应39.50%,高原肺水肿0.47%,高原脑水肿0.28%。久居和世居高原人群中慢性高原病的患病率为:慢性高原反应2.80%,高原心脏病儿童0.96%,成人0.32%,高原红细胞增多症2.51%,高原高血压症0.96%,高原低血压症1.89%。慢性高原病患病率移居较世居人群高9.7倍。
本调查证明高原病存在若干易患因素,如海拔愈高,登高速度愈快,有过劳、受凉、上呼吸道感染、精神紧张等诱因,年幼或老年,原患有心肺等疾患者最易发病。针对这些因素探讨了预防措施。

An Epidemiological Study on High Altitude Disease at Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau

In order to investigate the incidence, the predisposing factors of high altitude disease(HAD) so as to find out rational methods for its Prevention and treatment, from 1978 to 1985, we carried out an epidemiological study on HAD among high altitude populations (children 15,251 and adults 25,618 individuals) at Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) plateau, They were residents at three different altitudes, i.e. 2, 261~2,808m, 3,050~3,797m and 4,068~5,226m above sea level.
The types of HAD and its incidence rate were as follows.
1. Acute HAD: the incidence rate was among newcomers to high altitude. (a) acute high altitude reaction: 39.50%; (b) high altitude pulmonary edema: 0.47%; (c) high altitude cerebral edema: 0.28%.
2. Chronic HAD: The occurrence is mainly Prevaling those local residents. (a) chronic high altitude reaction, 2.80%; (b) high altitude heart disease: children 0.96%, adults 0.32%; (c) high altitude polycythemia: 2.51%; (d) high altitude hypertension, 0.96%; (e) high altitude hypotension: 1.89%. The prevalence rate of chronic HAD was 9.7 times higher in the immigrants group than in the native group.
The results showed that the individual rapidly exposed to altitudes, residence being too high, heavy physical exertion, exposure to cold and attacked with acute upper respiratory tract infections, cardio-pulmonary disease, very young and very old, Psychological apprehension may be the contributory causes. The preventive methods were discussed.