Investigation of human papillomavirus in bladder cancer in a series of Tunisian patients

The association between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and development of bladder cancer is variable. Furthermore, the prevalence of HPV DNA in bladder carcinoma subtypes varies from study to study. To clarify the impact of HPV infection on the development of bladder carcinoma, we performed a retrospective study on Tunisian patients to determine the status of HPV infection in urothelial carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma.