老年髋部骨折患者自我锻炼的护理指导

目的促进老年人髋部骨折的康复，减少并发症，提高老年患者的生活质量。方法指导老年髋部骨折患者掌握正确的卧位、肢体的功能锻炼、三点或四点抬臀法、横膈膜呼吸及咳嗽排痰法，加强心理护理，消除影响自我锻炼的不良因素，做好出院指导等。结果全组患者均积极配合，掌握了正确的自我锻炼方法，随访6．12mo有1例使用便盆不当擦伤皮肤，经锻炼及药物治疗3．5d治愈，余无护理并发症。结论早期正确的自我锻炼可有效预防长期卧床引起的褥疮、深静脉血栓、患肢肌肉萎缩及关节僵直、肺部感染等并发症，对恢复行走能力，提高肢体功能和生存质量能起到积极的促进作用。

Nursing Instruction on Self-exercise in aged People with Hip Fracture

Objective To promote the rehabilitation, reduce the complications and raise the quality of life in aged people with hip fracture. Methods The instructions were performed on the aged patients with hip fracture on appropriate decumbent position, extremity functional exercise, three or four-point bridging activities, diaphragm respiration and cough and spit phleghm, the mental nursing was strengthened to eliminate the harmful factors of self exercise, and the discharge introduction was well done. Results All cases collaborated actively, mastering proper self-exercise method. During a follow-up of 6-12mo, only one case suffered from skin abrasion due to inappropriate bed-pan use, but was cured after exercise and medication for 3-5d, and the other were in the absence of nursing complications. Conclusion Early proper self-exercise can prevent the occurrences of complications such as bed-sore, deep venous thrombosis, myatrophy and joint stiffness in affected limb and pulmonary infection caused by long-term bed, playing a positive and favorable role in recovering locomotor activity, raising extremity function and increasing quality of life in aged people with hip fracture.