武汉市9～12岁学龄儿童在校午餐营养质量及与体格发育的关系

目的了解武汉市某区小学生在校午餐质量及其体格发育状况,为改善学龄儿童营养状况提供科学依据。方法采用整群抽样法,对武汉市某两所小学1001名三至六年级学生进行连续三日的午餐调查和体格检查,通过膳食回顾法记录学生在校午餐膳食,将午餐膳食摄入与标准进行对比,并对午餐各营养素摄入量与学龄儿童的身高和体重分别进行相关分析。结果调查对象身高为(139.81±8.87)cm,体重为(35.91±9.44)kg;各年龄组午餐中蛋白质平均摄入量均达到40%平均需要量,维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C、钙、硒等营养素严重摄入不足;各年龄组畜禽肉类食物摄入达标,鱼虾类、蛋类、大豆及坚果类、奶类严重摄入不足;午餐能量、碳水化合物、维生素A、维生素C、铁摄入量与学龄儿童身高及体重表现出相关性(P<0.05)。结论武汉市9～12岁学龄儿童在校午餐营养状况存在微量营养素缺乏和午餐搭配不平衡等问题,体格发育状况未达到全国平均水平。

Nutrition quality of school lunch for children aged 9-12 years in Wuhan City and its relationship with physical development

OBJECTIVE To study the lunch quality and physical development status of primary school students in a certain area of Wuhan City,and to provide the scientific basis for improving the nutritional status of school-age children.METHODS A total of 1001 students of third to sixth grade from two primary schools in Wuhan were enrolled in this study.The three-day lunch meal survey and physical examination were conducted,and students’lunch at school were recorded by meal review.The lunch intake was compared with the standard,and the correlation between nutrient intake and school-age children’s height and weight was analyzed.RESULTS The height of the subjects was(139.81±8.87)cm and the body weight was(35.91±9.44)kg.The average protein intake at lunch of all age groups reached 40%estimated average requirement(EAR),and vitamin B1,vitamin B2,vitamin C,calcium,selenium and other nutrients were seriously inadequate;all age groups of animal meat intake reached the standard.And fish,shrimp,eggs,soybeans and nuts,milk were lack of intake;energy of lunch,carbohydrates,vitamin A,vitamin C,iron intake were correlated with height and weight of school-age children(P<0.05).CONCLUSION There are some problems such as micronutrient deficiency and unbalanced diet in school-age children aged 9-12 in Wuhan.Physical development did not reach the national average level.