关于促进我国母乳喂养问题的讨论和建议

社会,特别是母亲的母乳喂养观念淡化,忽视了母乳喂养的重要性;医疗保健人员对促进母乳喂养的工作重视不够;有关保护妇女、儿童健康的立法不够,或有了立法,但实施不力;缺乏母乳喂养的必要的社会支持;产科及妇幼保健服务能力不足是我国母乳喂养率下降的主要原因。致使我国母乳喂养率自70年代以来出现了明显下降趋势,如北京市区的母乳喂养率由50年代的81％下降到1989年的13％;上海市1989年为15％;农村母乳喂养率也有较明显下降。提高我国母乳喂养率的主要措施为:加强有关母乳喂养的健康教育和技术培训;加强保护妇女、儿童健康的立法;建立和改善母乳喂养的社会支持条件;改善有关母乳喂养的保健服务水平;加强有关母乳喂养的科研工作;建立母乳喂养的监测和监督体制。以使我国的母乳喂养率尽快提高到WHO提出的指标。

DISCUSSION AND SUGGESTION OF ADVANCING BREAST FEEDING IN CHINA

Now concept and importance of breast feeding are ignored by society especially by maternity, staff of maternal and child health care pay not enough attention to advancing breast feeding; there are insufficient legislations protecting women ahd child health or the legislations were not forcefully carried out; there lack necessary supports from society for breast feeding; there are insufficient service ability of obsteric and materinal and child health care; the factors above mentioned are main causes that mduce the rate of breast feeding to decline. There appear a obviously decline tendency in breast feeding in China since 1970s, such as in Beijing the rate of breast feeding was droped from 81% in 1950s to 13% in 1989; the rate in Shanghai was 15% in 1979. The condition in rural area was also the same. In order to raise the rate of breast feeding, we should adopt measures as follows; we should adopt measures as follows, reinforcing the health education and cultivation about breast feeding, strangthening legislation for protecting the health of maternal and child; establishing and improving the societal support condition for breast feeding; improving the health care level and serve level of breast feeding; strangtheing scientific reaesech of breast feeding; establishing a system of monitor and supervision of breast feeding, so the rate of breast feeding enable been raised to the standard of WHO.