5-氟尿嘧啶心脏毒性的研究进展与中药防治

5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）是一种临床常用的抗肿瘤药物，对上皮来源的恶性肿瘤如消化道肿瘤、头颈部肿瘤、乳腺癌等有良好的临床疗效，但5-FU在化疗过程中发生的心脏毒性严重限制了其临床应用。目前5-FU产生心脏毒性的机制主要包括内皮损伤后血栓形成，代谢增加导致能量消耗增加，氧化应激导致细胞损伤，冠状动脉痉挛导致心肌缺血以及红细胞转移氧能力降低导致的心肌缺血等。重视5-FU对心脏产生的毒副作用，加强对化疗患者心脏的监护与管理，积极研发特效的心脏保护剂，从而可以提高化疗的质量，改善患者生存率。为更好的研究5-FU所导致的心脏毒性，文章主要从5-FU致心脏毒性的病理特征、潜在作用机制、发生率、临床表现、中药临床防治等方面进行综述。

Research progress of 5-fluorouracil cardiotoxicity and prevention and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine

5-fluorouracil(5-FU) is a commonly used clinical anti-tumor drug. It has a good clinical effect on malignant tumors of epithelial origin,such as gastrointestinal tumors,head and neck tumors,breast cancer,etc.,but the cardiotoxicity of 5-FU during chemotherapy severely limits its clinical application. At present,the mechanism of cardiotoxicity induced by 5-FU mainly includes thrombosis after endothelial injury,increased metabolism leads to increased energy consumption,oxidative stress leads to cell damage,myocardial ischemia caused by coronary artery spasm,and myocardial ischemia caused by decreased red blood cell transfer oxygen capacity. Pay attention to the toxic side effects of 5-FU on the heart,strengthen the monitoring and management of the heart of chemotherapy patients,and actively develop special-effect cardioprotective agents,which can improve the quality of chemotherapy and improve the survival rate of patients. In order to better study the cardiotoxicity caused by 5-FU,this paper reviews the pathological features,potential mechanism of action,incidence,clinical manifestations,clinical prevention and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine caused by 5-FU.