大批海上灾害伤病员的医疗救护

目的 探讨海上医疗队(组)在海上开展灾害医疗救护的展开效果,提高海上灾害的救治能力.方法回顾性分析2003年1月至2009年12月海上医疗队的10,15,50,120人的编组构成与展开流程的实践.全组经海上医疗救护68批次,抢救伤病员937例,对有关伤病员进行分类,心、肺、脑复苏,急救手术、海水浸泡伤的处理、并发症的防治和快速后送.结果 本组937例伤病员中,存活872例(93%),死亡65例(7%);伤后1 h以内死亡16例(25%),24 h以内死亡43例(66%);死于创伤合并症61例(94%),溺水3例(4.5%),中毒1例(1.5%).结论 在海上灾害大批伤病员海上救护中,除掌握海上灾害大批伤病员的特点、海上灾害医学救援组织与程序、海上灾害大批伤病员救治方法与措施外,还要及时、有效地组织现场急救和采取稳妥的后送措施.海上医疗队在平时海上灾害时医疗救护的实践,提高了海上灾害救护的快速反应能力、整体配合能力和救护水平,丰富了海上医疗队的救护经验.

Medical rescue action for large number of the sick and wounded in maritime disaster at sea

Objective To investigate the effect of medical rescue of the Maritime Medical Team (Corps) for mass sick and wounded in maritime disaster so as to improve the medical rescue capacity for maritime disasters.Method The construction of maritime medical teams (corps) constituted with various numbers of 10, 15,50 and 120 team members, and the development of algorithm in practice were reviewed. In 68 maritime disasters from January 2003 to December 2009, 937 wounded were rescued by first-aid at sea. The patients were classified and given cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation, emergency operation, complication prevention, comprehensive treatment for seawater immersion wound and rapidly referred to hospitals. Results Of 937 patients, 872 survived (93%) and 65 died (7%). Of the dead, 16 died in one hour (25%), 43 died in 24 hours after injury (66%),andofthem, 61died of trauma (94% ) , 2 died of drowning and 1 died of poisoning. Conclusions Besides a good command of the features of mass sick and wounded, organization and program, treatment strategies and measures, the timely and effective assignment for on-site first aid at sea and safe transfer were very important for medical rescue of mass patients in maritime disaster. After the practice of maritime medical team (corps) in medical rescue during maritime disaster, the rapid response capability, cooperation and the quality of rescue were improved, and the experience of medical service of marine medical team (corps) was enriched.