四川省地震灾区3县市6岁以下儿童营养健康状况分析

目的掌握地震灾区儿童的营养状况,以便建立相关的营养政策,采取相应的措施,预防儿童营养不良的发生。方法在四川3个县市对6岁以下儿童开展体格测量、膳食调查、喂养情况调查及血红蛋白测定。血红蛋白测定为氰化高铁法,统计分析为SPSS11.0与EPIINFO3.3.2。结果此次共调查了960名6岁以下儿童,男孩527名(54.9%),女孩433(45.1%)名。其中汉族占65.4%,藏族34.2%,回族0.2%,蒙古族0.1%。母亲、父亲文化主要为小学与初中,职业主要为纯农民与城市农民,黑水、阆中、旺苍3县市总的家庭人均年收入4744元,儿童生长发育迟缓率为13%,低体重率为7.8%,缺铁性贫血率为21.15%,其中藏族儿童的缺铁性贫血率高于汉族儿童,人均年收入低的家庭的儿童缺铁性贫血率高于人均年收入高的家庭儿童,其差异有统计学意义。地震重灾县黑水儿童贫血率高于地震一般灾区县阆中与旺苍。结论四川省地震灾区儿童的营养不良患病率较高,急需进行营养干预与改善。

Analysis on Nutritional and Health Status of Children Under 6 Years Old in 3 Quake-stricken Counties in Sichuan Province

Objective To understand the nutritional state of the children in quake-stricken areas in Sichuan,so as to develop nutrition-related policies and take corresponding measures to prevent malnutrition among the children.Methods Physical measurements,dietary survey,feeding survey and determination of hemoglobin were carried out among the children aged 6 years in 3 counties,and the data were analyzed by using SPSS11.0 and EPIINFO3.3.2.Results A total of 960 children were surveyed,including 527 boys（54.9%） and 433 girls（45.1%）.As for the nationality,65.4% were Han,34.2% were Tibetan,0.2% were Hui and 0.1% were Mongol.Their parents were mainly farmers with the educational level of elementary school or junior high school.The average annual household income was 4 744 yuan（RMB） in the 3 counties.The rate of growth retardation,low birth weight and iron deficiency anemia（IDA） were 13%,7.8% and 21.15% respectively.The prevalence of（IDA） was higher among Tibetan children than among Han children,among the children in the family with low household income than among the children in the family with high household income,the differences had statistical significance.The prevalence of IDA among the children was higher in Heishui county severely stricken by the earthquake than in Lanzhong county and Wangchong county less severely stricken by the earthquake.Conclusion The prevalence of malnutrition among the children washigh in the quake-stricken areas in Sichuan.It is necessary to conduct nutritional intervention to improve the children＇s health status.