1992～2005年军队传染病流行趋势分析

目的分析1992~2005年军队传染病流行趋势和主要传染病发病状况,为部队传染病防治提供参考。方法数据资料来源于全军疾病监测中心的疫情报告数据库,用FoxPro、Epiinfo、Excel等软件进行统计分析。结果1992~2005年军队报告传染病年平均发病率为2.7‰,总体下降幅度为24.3%。2005年肠道传染病发病率较1992年下降近60%,其构成比也由65.3%降至35.3%。呼吸道传染病呈上升趋势,上升幅度超过70%,其构成也于最近几年超过肠道传染病,跃居第1位。血源和性传播疾病构成有所升高,其中性传播疾病的发病明显升高,并出现了艾滋病病例。每年报告前3位的病种均是病毒性肝炎、痢疾、肺结核,但序位有变化。感染性腹泻、流行性腮腺炎、伤寒和副伤寒、麻疹4种疾病一直居第4~10位中。甲型肝炎、痢疾发病率明显下降,麻疹、伤寒和副伤寒、肺结核等疾病明显上升,血吸虫病出现反弹。结论近十几年来,军队传染病总体发病趋势略有下降,肠道传染病明显降低,而呼吸道传染病和性传播疾病上升。仍以病毒性肝炎、痢疾和肺结核居发病前3位。麻疹、伤寒等发病升高,戊型肝炎、AIDS等新发传染病不断出现。因此,军队传染病的防控应采取以呼吸道传染病防控为重点、防范新发传染病的综合防控策略。

ANALYSIS ON THE EPIDEMIC TREND OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN THE ARMY FROM 1992 TO 2005

Objective To analyze the epidemic trend of infectious diseases in the army, and to provide the basis for control and prevention of infectious diseases. Methods The data from databank of Military Disease Surveillance System were analyzed using FoxPro, Epi-Info and Excel software. Results The average reported incidence of infectious diseases in the army was 2.7 %o from 1992 to 2005. The total trend decreased by 24.3%. The incidence of enteric infectious diseases in 2005 declined by 60%, and its proportion in the infectious diseases declined from 65.32% to 35.25 %. The incidence of respiratory infectious diseases increased above 70%, and preceded the proportion of enteric infectious diseases. The proportion of bloodbome or venereal infectious diseases increased, and AIDS occurred. The reported incidences of virus hepatitis, dysentery, pulmonary tuberculosis are still the top three in the list of all infectious diseases. The incidences of infectious diarrhea, parotitis, typhoid and paratyphoid, and measles were in the fourth to tenth list. Among these infectious diseases, the incidences of hepatitis A, and dysentery declined, while those of measles, typhoid and paratyphoid, pulmonary tuberculosis were increased, and schistosomiasis recurred. Conclusion In recent more than ten years, the total incidence of infectious diseases is declined in the army. But the incidence of respiratory and venereal infectios diseases are increasing. Hepatitis, dysentery, pulmonary tuberculosis are still the top three in the list. Accordingly, comprehensive measures should be taken to control and prevent these infectious diseases, especially respiratory infectious disease, and avoide new emerging infectious disease.