改形静脉移植修复两端口径悬殊的四肢血管损伤

目的　探讨利用静脉分支成形和双股静脉成形扩大移植静脉吻合口技术,提供两端口径不等的自体静脉移植体,修复两端口径悬珠和大口径的四肢血管缺损。　方法　设计“漏斗样”、“雨披样”和“错位Y形”成形方法,以离体血管完成实验。临床取带分支的自体大隐静脉、小隐静脉及前臂静脉成形移植,用于髂外静脉、股动静脉和动静脉损伤的修复和断指再植,以及口止母趾甲瓣移植,共36例。其中急诊手术35例,择期手术1例。移植血管长度1.0～15 .0 cm。　结果　“漏斗样”成形可使静脉吻合口口径扩大0 .5 0～1.2 5倍;“雨披样”成形可满足四肢各种口径血管的修复需要;“错位Y形”吻合口成形可提供粗大的静脉移植体。移植的36条静脉,通畅35条,肢体血供正常。　结论　利用静脉分支,采用“漏斗样”和“雨披样”成形及扩大移植静脉吻合口和双股静脉“错位Y形”成形,是修复两端口径悬殊的和大口径的四肢主要血管损伤的理想方法。

REPAIR OF DEFECTS AT BOTH ENDS OF BLOOD VESSELS IN EXTREMITIES WITH A GREAT DISPARITY IN DIAMETER BY VEIN TRANSPLANTATION

OBJECTIVE: To repair defects at both ends of the blood vessels with a considerable disparity in the diameter of the both sides or with a large diameter in extremities by phleboplasty of branched and double autogenous veins. METHODS: Three kinds of phleboplasties--funnel-shaped, raincape-shaped and transposed Y-shaped were designed. Experiments in fresh blood vessels in vitro were completed successfully. These methods were used clinically to repair injured external iliac veins, femoral arteries and veins, and popliteal arteries and veins, to replant severed fingers and to transplant toenail flaps on thumbs by harvesting autogenous great saphenous veins, small saphenous veins and forearm veins in 36 cases, including 35 cases in emergency operation and 1 case in selective operation. The length of The phleboplasties of funnel-shaped could enlarge the grafted blood vessels ranged from 1.0 cm to 15.0 cm. RESULTS: The phleboplasties of funnel-shaped could enlarge the diameter by 1.0-1.25 times in anastomotic stomas. The phleboplasty of raincape-shaped could enlarge the diameter large enough to meet the demands for various blood vessels in extremities. The phleboplasty of transposed Y-shaped could provide large vein transplants. In 36 grafted veins, 35 were in patency. The blood supply in extremities was normal. CONCLUSION: The funnel-shaped and raincape-shaped phleboplasties of branched veins can enlarge the anastomotic stomas of grafted veins. The transposed Y-shaped phleboplasty of double femoral veins is an ideal way to repair injured primary blood vessels with a considerable disparity in the diameter of the both sides or with a large diameter in extremities.