洪灾区饮用水应急消毒模式效果研究

目的：探讨洪灾后饮用水消毒方法，了解分散投药、专职投药和集中过滤处理后的消毒效果，因地制宜地确定新形势下我国洪灾区可行的饮用水消毒模式，更好地控制灾后传染病流行。方法：根据《全国救灾防病预案（2005版）》及卫生部《洪灾区饮用水应急消毒模式试点项目实施方案》，结合仙桃市的地理特点，在洪灾多发季节和多发地区的杨林尾镇选择条件相近的多个村组成3个饮用水消毒试点组进行前瞻性研究，分别给予分散投药、专职投药和集中过滤处理干预措施，持续观察2个月后比较各组饮用水（缸水）的消毒效果。水质卫生标准及检测方法参照《生活饮用水卫生标准（GB5749—2006）》和《生活饮用水标准检验方法（GB／T5750--2006）》。结果：不同消毒模式组饮用水细菌学指标合格率（分散投药组为10．83％、专职投药组为59．17％、集中过滤组为34．17％，X^2=61．86，P〈0．01。但集中过滤组设备出口处为75%）、细菌消除率（分散投药组为53．09％、专职投药组为46．54％、集中过滤组为95．97％，X^2=15726．88，P〈0．01）和理化指标降低率（13项中有8项P〈0．01或P〈0．05）有显著性差异。结论：在洪灾区采用集中水处理设备对居民饮用水进行应急消毒处理的模式是切实可行的，其消毒效果及水质均明显优于分散投药和专职投药消毒模式，从长远来看具有较好的经济效益和社会效益，应作好相关的应急储备。另外，要做好居民安全卫生用水的健康教育工作，防止饮用水二次污染。

Effect research on disinfection mode of emergency drinking water in flood area

Objective To explore the disinfection mode of drinking water after floods, know decentralized administration,a fulltime dosage and concentration after filtration and disinfection treatment effects,in line with local conditions to determine the new situation of our country viable flood- ravaged areas of drinking water disinfection models for better control of post--disaster infectious disease. MethodsAceording to the ＂National Disaster Prevention Plan （2005 version）＂and＂Flood--ravaged Areas of Emergency Drinking Water Disinfection Model Pilot Project Implementation Plan＂,combined with the geographical features of Xiantao eity,a number of villages were selected composing of three drinking water disinfection pilot prospective study group, given decentralized administration,dosage or concentration of full--time filtering treatment interventions. Sanitizing effect of drinking water in each group was compared after continuous observation of 2 months. Water quality and hygiene standard detection methods referred to ＂Drinking Water Health Standards （GB5749--2006）＂and＂Drinking Water Standard Test Method （GB/T5750-2006）＂. Results As for bacteriology passing rate indicators decentralized dosage group was 10. 83% ,a full--time dosage group 59.17% ,and concentrate filtration group 34.17% ,X^2= 61.86,P〈0.01. But the focus group filtering equipment for the exit was 75%. As for the elimination rate of bacteria decentralized dosage group was 53, 09% ,a full--tlme dosage group 46.54% ,and concentrate filtration group 95.97% ,X^2=15 726.88,P〈0. 01. And lower rates of physical and chemical indicators （for 8 of 13 P〈0. 01 or P〈0. 05） were significantly different. Conclusion In flood--ravaged areas emergency disinfection of drinking water treatment model is practicable, which effect was significantly better than dispersed dosing disinfection and full--time mode. In the long run it will achieve better economic and social benefits. In addition, Health education about the safe and hygienic use of water should be promoted so as to prevent secondary pollution of drinking water.