丁香等中草药有效成分的提取方法和抗菌活性关系的研究

目的探讨8种中药材有效成分的不同提取方法与抗菌活性的关系。方法分别用水煮法、醇提法和超声法提取8种中药材的有效成分，采用试管连续稀释法测定其最小抑菌浓度，探讨不同提取方法的优劣。结果除蜂房外，7种中草药的醇提取物对大肠埃希氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果很明显，丁香的醇提物对铜绿假单胞菌抑制效果最佳，各提取液对白色念球菌抑制效果普遍不明显。除蜂房及穿心莲外的其它6种中草药醇提液的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）均显著低于其他提取方法。就抑菌效果和相对稳定性来说，丁香最为明显。结论用不同方法提取中草药有效成分的抑菌效果比较发现，醇提法最优，其次为超声波提取法，水提法最差。

Effect of different extraction methods on the antimicrobial activities of Chinese materia medica

Objective:To explore the effect of different extraction methods on the antimicrobial activity of 8 kinds of Chi- nese materia medica (TCMM) in vitro.Methods:Effective components were extracted respectively by the methods of water extracting,ethanol extracting and ultrasonic extracting.Bacteriostatic tests in vitro by test tube continuous dilution was adopt- ed to observe their minimal inhibitor.Results:Except honeycomb,7 kinds of TCMM of effective components extracted by ethanol had effective antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.Effective components of Syzy- gium aromaticum by the method of ethanol extracting had the most effective antimicrobial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antimicrobial activity of 8 kinds of TCMM extracts was not effective on Monilia albican.The minimal inhibitory concen- trations(MIC) of ethanol extraction (except Honeycomb and Common Andrographis Herb) were lower than those of other ex- traction,which was most obvious to Syzygium aromaticum.Conclusion The ethanol extraction is more effective than ultrasonic extraction,and the water extraction effect is the worst.