锡林浩特市牧区布鲁氏菌病健康教育与行为干预效果评价

目的评价锡林浩特市牧区不同健康教育与行为干预措施的效果,探索牧区布鲁氏菌病(以下简称布病)干预的有效措施。方法选择锡林浩特市3个苏木(乡镇)分别作为健康教育加行为干预组、健康教育组和对照组,对不同苏木的15岁以上牧民分别实施为期1年的不同的干预措施。干预前后用统一的调查问卷以面对面的形式入户调查。通过比较干预前后和各干预组间的知晓率和防护行为的改变进行效果评价。结果各组布病防治知识的总体知晓率分别由干预前的58.1%～64.6%提高至干预后的77.4%～88.0%。协方差分析发现健康教育加行为干预组对于知晓率的干预效果显著高于对照组(P<0.01),其他组间差异无统计学意义。防护行为的正确率仅健康教育加行为干预组有显著提高,由54.2%提高到57.9%(P<0.05)。结论健康教育为主的干预措施显著提高了当地牧民布病防治知识知晓率,同时开展健康教育和行为干预才能有效改变当地牧民的防护行为。

Effectiveness evaluation of health education and behavior intervention on human brucellosis prevention in pasturing area of Xilinhaote,China

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of different health education and behavior intervention activities on human brucellosis control,and explore effective measure for brucellosis control in pasturing area.Methods Two different intervention actions which included health education,health education plus behavior intervention were carried out in two towns among herdsmen over 15 years old for one year.Another town was considered as control town.Field investigation was conducted to evaluation awareness rate and health behavior in the three towns by questionnaire before and after the intervention activities.Results The total awareness rates of the three towns were all increased significantly from 58.1%-64.6% to 77.4%-88.0% after the intervention.The result of analysis of covariance showed that the intervention effect on awareness improvement in health education plus behavior intervention town was significantly increased than that in control town（P0.01）.There was no significant difference on awareness change between health education town and control town,also between health education plus behavior town and health education town.The correct behavior rate was significantly increased only in health education plus behavior town from 54.2% to 57.9%（P0.05）.Conclusion The awareness rate of brucellosis acknowledge of local herdsmen was increased by the health education based intervention project.But only combined health education and behavior intervention could improve the health behavior of local herdsmen.