江西省赣州市某社区老年人生活方式与认知能力的关系研究

目的了解老年人认知能力及其影响因素,探究不同生活方式对认知能力的影响。方法使用简易精神状态量表(MMSE)及自编生活方式问卷于2012年8月使用方便抽样方法对江西省赣州市章贡区某社区年龄≥60周岁的部分居民进行调查,用方差分析和线性回归分析等方法比较不同生活方式分组间简易精神状态量表(MMSE)测试得分,得出不同生活方式与得分的相关性。结果调查对象MMSE得分为(22.68±5.74)分,老年人部分生活方式与认知能力显著相关。无阅读习惯组MMSE得分(21.07±6.01)明显低于每日阅读0～1 h组得分(24.78±4.30)和1 h以上组得分(25.06±5.04)(P=0.005)。参与集体活动频繁以及较少组得分分别为(26.50±5.04)分和(25.06±4.02)分,明显高于从不参与集体活动组(20.66±5.94)(P=0.000)。有兴趣爱好组(23.13±5.20)显著高于无兴趣爱好组(9.00±4.58)(P=0.000)。此外,年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况等都是影响老年人认知能力的重要因素。看电视时间和睡眠状况对老年人整体认知能力无显著影响,但显著影响回忆能力,记忆力、注意力和计算力等子项目。结论良好的锻炼和读书习惯,丰富精神生活等,有助于预防老年痴呆的发生。

Study on relationship of lifestyle and cognition among elderly persons in a community of Ganzhou City,Jiangxi Province

Objective To understand cognitive ability and its influencing factors of the elderly,and explore the influence of different life styles on cognitive ability.Methods Mini Mental State Examination（MMSE）and a self-compiled questionnaire of lifestyle were used to investigate people aged over 60 years from a community in Ganzhou City,August 2012.The MMSE scores in different lifestyle groups were analyzed by chi square test,analysis of variance,linear regression analysis to elicit the relationship between different lifestyle and MMSE score.Results The MMSE score of respondents is（22.68±5.74）.Partial lifestyles of the elderly showed significant correlation to cognitive ability.Group with no reading habit scored（21.07±6.01）,lower than（24.78±4.30）by those who read 0-1 h/d and（25.06±5.04）by those who read over 1 h/d（P=0.005）.As for participating in collective activities,frequently group and sometimes group respectively scored（26.50±5.04）and（25.06±4.02）,much higher than never group＇s（20.66±5.94）（P=0.000）.Group with hobbies scored（23.13±5.20）,which is significantly higher than the others＇（9.00±4.58）（P=0.000）.Age,education,exercise time,and Marital status were also important associated factors with cognitive ability.TV time and sleep condition showed no relation to MMSE total score,while recall ability,memory,attention and computing ability were influenced.Conclusion Advisable exercise,reading habits and enriching spiritual life would help improve cognitive ability among elderly persons.