校外青少年预防艾滋病健康教育政策落实情况调查及建议

目的了解校外青少年预防艾滋病健康教育政策措施的制定落实情况,分析存在问题并提出建议。方法采用现场调查和文献回顾的方法。结果有关部门制定落实了校外青少年预防艾滋病健康教育政策措施,开展了"青春红丝带"行动、"中国儿童青少年预防艾滋病活动"等工作,目前校外青少年健康教育主要包括依托当地共青团委开展活动、通过家长学校开展相关家庭教育以及开展青少年同伴教育等3种模式。目前还存在诸多挑战如校外青少年尚缺乏明确定义,健康教育的多部门协调机制尚未形成,社会组织参与较少,健康教育工作的人员、经费保障不足,健康教育针对性不强且缺乏效果评估。结论建议将艾滋病防治领域的校外青少年定义为达到法定入学年龄,不在学校接受教育、无职业的25周岁以下青少年;结合社会管理创新、医改的深入推进,落实校外青少年预防艾滋病经费等保障措施;通过开展需求评估,增强健康教育的针对性,通过将健康教育与就业技能等培训相结合,提高健康教育的综合性;开展健康教育效果评估,推广有效模式,针对难点问题进一步探索试点。

Study and recommendations on AIDS prevention health education policy and practice among out-of-school youth and adolescence

Objective To learn the current AIDS prevention health education policy and practice among out-of-school youth and adolescence,and analyze bottlenecks and make recommendations.Methods It applied methods of field study,and literature review.Results AIDS prevention health education policy for out-of-school youth and adolescence were developed.Campaigns including ＂Youth Red Ribbon＂ initiative and ＂China Children,Adolescence and Youth HIV Prevention Program＂ were implemented.There were 3 major working models including local Youth Leagues,parents＇ schools,and peer education among youth in community.Major bottlenecks were found：no clear definition of out-of-school youth and adolescence;weak multi-sectoral coordination,inadequate social engagement and human resources and financial support,and weak targeted strategies and evaluation.Conclusion The following are the recommendations：out-of-school youth and adolescence should be defined as those who are under age of 25 years,in school age but not at any school and remaining unemployed.Financial support should be ensured through incorporation with social management innovation and health care system reform.The effectiveness should be improved through further demands assessment,and combined with vocational skill training.Good practices should be evaluated and documented for scaling up,further research and demonstration projects should be conducted to tackle hot-spot issues.