儿童鼻窦正常气化规律初探

目的 利用磁共振成像探讨儿童鼻窦正常气化规律.方法 选取280例无鼻窦炎的年龄17 d(＜1岁患儿本研究中称为0岁)至14岁患儿的鼻窦MRI图像,观察各组鼻窦的气化规律,测量左侧上颌窦轴位与矢状位最大面积值.结果 0～1岁患儿上颌窦气化率为85%;至3岁时,气化率达95%,且男女患儿上颌窦气化率差异无统计学意义(x2=0.741,P=0.389);4岁以后全部气化.0～14岁患儿筛窦气化率达100%.＜1岁患儿蝶窦未见气化;至5岁时平均气化率为49%,且男女患儿气化率差异无统计学意义(x2=2.452,P=0.117);7岁以后气化率达100%.＜5岁患儿额窦未见气化;5～9岁额窦平均气化率为62%;10岁以后额窦气化率达到95%,男女患儿额窦气化率差异无统计学意义(x2=0.124,P=0.724).女性患儿上颌窦气化轴位、矢状位最大面积分别为(689.28±221.79)、(659.76±263.31)mm2,男性分别为(668.13±206.38)、(638.60±207.67)mmz,差异均有统计学意义(t=-19.78,P＜0.001;t=-19.89,P＜0.001).结论 了解儿童鼻窦正常气化规律有助于对不同年龄儿童鼻窦病变,特别是炎性病变的诊断提供参考.

Preliminary study on normal aerification of paranasal sinuses in children

Objective To explore the normal aerification of paranasal sinuses in Chinese children with magnetic resonance imaging. Methods Two hundred and eighty Chinese children aged from 17 days to 14 years without any symptoms related to sinusitis were statistically analyzed in MRI features, including counting the number of paranasal sinus pneumatization and the maximum axial and sagittal area of the left maxillary. Results The pneumatization rate of maxillary sinus was 85% in children aged from 0 to 1 years.Until 3 years the pneumatization rate of maxillary sinus was 95% and there was no significant difference in boys and girls( x2 = 0. 741, P = 0. 389 ). The pneumatization rate of maxillary sinus reached 100% after 4 years old. The pneumatization rate of ethmtoid sinus was 100% in this study. The pneumatization rate of sphenoid sinus was 0 within 1 year old, 49% within 4 years old and 100% after 7 years old. There was no significant difference in boys and girls on the pneumatization rate of sphenoid sinus ( x2 = 2. 452, P =0. 117 ). The pneumatization rate of frontal sinus was 0 within 5 years old, 62% within 9 years old and 95% after 10 years old. There was no significant difference in boys and girls on the pneumatization rate of frontal sinus(x2 =0. 124,P =0. 724). The axial and sagittal maximum area of maxillary sinus was (689. 28 ±221.79) and (659.76 ±263.31 )mm2 in girls and (668. 13 ±206.38) and (638.60 ±207.67) mm2 in boys. The differences were significant( t = - 19. 78 ,P ＜0. 001 ;t = - 19. 89 ,P ＜0. 001 ). Conclusion The study of the development and normal aerification of paranasal sinuses of children can help radiologist make correct diagnosis of paranasal sinuses in children.