三七总皂苷的抗糖尿病机理及其降血糖成分研究

目的 采用遗传性2型糖尿病KK-Ay鼠探讨三七总皂苷（PNS）的降糖、减肥作用机理及其降血糖的主要有效成分。方法 空腹血糖(FBG)≥13.89 mmol/L的KK-Ay鼠分别注射PNS（200 mg/kg体质量），人参皂苷Re（14 mg/kg体质量）、人参皂苷Rd（15 mg/kg体质量）、人参皂苷Rg1（40 mg/kg体质量）、人参皂苷Rb1（60 mg/kg体质量），三七皂苷R1（6 mg/kg体质量）及生理盐水(10 mL/kg体质量，模型组) ，共7组，每组6只，以健康C57鼠为正常对照（6只，10 mL/kg体质量生理盐水 ）。正常对照、模型及PNS组腹腔注射给药30 d，人参皂苷各组及三七皂苷R1组腹腔注射给药12 d，测定FBG、糖耐量、血清胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数(IRI)、瘦素、体质量、摄食量、脂肪组织及血脂水平。结果 PNS、Rb1组12 d时FBG较模型组下降（P <0.05），余各实验组FBGL与模型组比较差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。PNS连续给药30 d后，FBG较模型组进一步降低（P <0.01），而血清胰岛素水平（P <0.05）和IRI（P <0.01）也明显下降；体质量增长率、摄食量、脂肪质量均较模型组降低（P均<0.05），瘦素水平也较模型组下降（P <0.05）。结论 PNS通过提高KK-Ay鼠对胰岛素和瘦素的敏感性，发挥抗高血糖、抗肥胖作用，Rb1可能为PNS提取物中的降血糖成分。

Major Hypoglycemic Ingredients of Panax Notoginseng Saponins for Treating Diabetes

【Abstract】 Objective To explore the mechanism of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on diabetes treatment and mass loss in KK-Ay mice with genetic type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and to identify the main hypoglycemic ingredients. Methods C57 and KK-Ay DM mice were divided into eight groups each comprising six mice: healthy normal, DM model, and DM model treated with PNS (200 mg/kg body mass), ginsenoside Re (Re, 14 mg/kg body mass), ginsenoside Rd (Rd, 15 mg/kg body mass), ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1, 40 mg/kg body mass), ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1, 60 mg/kg body mass) and notoginsenoside R1 (R1, 6 mg/kg body mass). The PNS were intraperitoneal injection administered for 30 d, while the Re, RB1, Rg1, Rd and Re were intraperitoneal injection administered for 12 d. The fasting blood sugar (FBG), glucose tolerance (GT), serum insulin, leptin, body weight, food consumption, and levels of adipose tissue and blood lipid were determined. Results On 12 d, lower FBG levels were found in the PNS and Rb1 treated mice compared with the model mice (P<0.05). No statistical differences in FBG levels were found between the rest of the treatment groups and the model group (P＞0.05). After 30 d continuous administration of PNS, the FBG level of the mice further declined (P <0.01). Meanwhile, the serum insulin (P <0.05) and insulin resistance index (P <0.01) of the PNS treated mice also declined significantly. Compared with model group, the PNS group had lower levels of body weight growth, food consumption, adipose tissue, and leptin (P<0.05). Lower FBG level was also found in Rb1 treated mice (12 d of administration), P<0.05. Conclusion PNS has anti-hyperglycemic and anti-obesity activities by improving insulin and leptin sensitivities in KK-Ay mice. Rb1 may be the hypoglycemic ingredient in the PNS extract.