颞骨内主要骨管的形态观测

目的　为颞骨各骨管相关疾病的影像诊断及手术治疗提供解剖学依据。方法　利用探针及游标卡尺测量 3 2块成的中国人颞骨各骨管的有关数据。结果　咽鼓管骨部长 10 4 0mm ,鼓室口 4 4 6mm× 3 5 8mm ,峡部开口 2 3 1mm× 1 4 5mm ;岩大神经管长 13 93mm ;鼓膜张肌半管长 11 86mm ;颈动脉管垂直段高 7 5 1mm ,水平段长 15 79mm ;岩鳞裂长 7 2 5mm ,鳞鼓裂长 13 88mm ,岩鼓裂管长 5 68mm ,岩鼓裂管颅底开口距下颌窝中央 7 4 2mm。结论　经乳突咽鼓管骨部手术扩张管腔时应防止损伤其毗邻结构 ;颅中窝手术在分离颞骨岩部前面覆盖的硬脑膜时 ,注意不要损伤岩大神经和膝神经节 ;颞下颌关节的病变通过穿行岩鼓裂管的结构可能会影响中耳的功能

The morphological observations of the main canals in temporal bone

Objective To provide anatomical proof for the diagnosis and surgical treatment of the diseases related to the structures of the canals of themporal bone.Methods The data of each canal were obtained with probe and slide gaud in 32 temporal bone.Results The bony portion of auditory tube averages 10 40 mm in length,its tympanic opening has an average dimension of 4 46 mm×3 58 mm,and the average dimension of isthmic opening were 2 31 mm×1 45 mm.The length of canal for greater petrosal nerve and of semicanal for tensor tympani were 13 93 mm and 11 86 mm respectively.The height of the vertical portion of carotid canal was 7 51 mm,and it has the length of 15 79 mm in its horizontal portion.The length of fissura petrosquamosa,squamotympanic fissure and petrotympanic rimule were 7 25 mm,13 88 mm and 5 68 mm respectively.The distance between the opening of petrotympanic rimule on the external surface of the base of skull and the center of mandibular fossa averages was 7 42 mm.Conclusion It is important to avoid the damage to the adjoining structures close to the bony portion of auditory tube while transmastoid approach is applied to expand the lumen of auditory tube.Surgeon should be cautious of impairing greater petrosal nerve and geniculate ganglion when he segregates the dura over anterior surface of petrous part.The lesion of temporomandibular joint may affect the function of middle ear through the structures passing through petrotympanic rimule.