四川省德格县2株疑似喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫菌株的鉴定

目的 通过对四川省德格县自毙喜马拉雅旱獭体内分离出的2株疑似鼠疫菌株进行生化特征、毒力鉴定,确定四川省是否存在旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地.方法 菌株鉴定采用细菌形态染色、培养特性、鼠疫噬菌体裂解试验、生化及糖醇类酵解试验、毒力因子、毒力、营养需求、质粒、基因检测及基因分型方法进行.结果 光镜下,2株被检菌株均为革兰染色阴性,呈球杆状,两极浓染、两端钝圆;在赫氏普通琼脂上24-48 h,被检菌株形态呈中心发暗,有黄褐色粗糙颗粒,边缘不整呈锯齿状、薄而透明的花边;在赫氏血琼脂上,菌落隆起,色泽深,花边消失或残留锯齿状痕迹.2株被检菌株均能酵解阿胶糖、麦芽糖、甘油,不酵解鼠李糖、密二糖,脱氮阳性;毒力因子均为F1+、VW+、Pgm+,Pst I+;携带鼠疫菌常见的质粒,相对分子质量(Mr)为6.0×106、45.0×106、65.0×106,具有鼠疫菌的毒力相关质粒基因Pla、calfl、LcrG;对小鼠的毒力试验,绝对致死量(LD100)均为50个菌;营养需求上,对苯丙氨酸、甲硫氨酸依赖;基因型是Genomovar 5;与假结核菌(PTB)在鉴别培养基尿素、奥腾、枸橼酸盐上有明显区别,含鼠疫菌特有的Pst I和F1抗原,22℃下能被鼠疫噬菌体完全裂解.含有鼠疫菌特有的3a片段.结论 四川省德格县喜马拉雅早獭体内分离的2株疑似菌株均为鼠疫耶尔森菌,具有青藏高原喜马拉雅旱獭型鼠疫菌株的特性,四川省存在喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地.

Identification of 2 strains of suspected Yersinia pestis isolated from Marmot,,himalayana in Dege County,Sichuan Province

Objective Throush identify biochemical characteristics and virulence factors of 2 strains suspected Yersinia pestis(Y.pestis)isolated from the dead Marmota himalayana(M.himalayana)to confirm the nature epidemic focus in Dege County,Sichuan Province.Methods Y.pestis was analyzed by specific staining and shape,culturing characteristics,splitting-test by bacteriophage,test of biochemical characteristics and glycolysis ability,virulence factors,virulence,nutritional requirement,plasmid,genetic test and genetic type. Results The tested strains were Gram staining bacilus.The main biochemical characteristics were Arabinose(+)、 Rhamnose(-),Maltose(+),Melibiose(-),Glycerol(+),Denitrification(+).The virulence factors with FI+.VW+, Pgm+,Pst I+;and with the common 6.0×106,45.0×106,65.0×106 plasmids,also with the virulence-relative plasmid gene.Both their absolutely lethal dose(LD100)in mice were 50 bacteria.The nutritional requirement appeared which were depended on Phenylalanine and Methionine.With the Genomovar 5 genotype characteristics of M.himalayana plague foci of Qinghai-Tibet plateau.The difference between tested strains and Yersinia pseudotubercuosis on the 3 different culture medium was obvious.The tested strains had a Y.pestis' specific 3a fragment,Pst I and FI-Ag,at 22 ℃,the strains could be split by bacteriophage completely.Conclusions According to the diagnostic criteria of plague in China,the 2 suspected strains isolated from Dege County,Sichuan Province ale confirmed as Y.pestis.both with powerful virulenceand with the characteristics of the Y.pestis of M.himahtyana in Qinghai-Tibet plateau plague natural focus.