人类血小板同种抗原研究进展

人类血小板同种抗原（human platelet alloantigens, HPA）是由血小板糖蛋白携带的一类特异性抗原，其基因具有单核苷酸多态性（SNP）。HPA可介导同种抗体的产生，引起同种免疫反应，与输血后血小板减少性紫癜（PTP）、血小板输注无效（PTR），新生儿同种免疫血小板减少性紫癜（NAITP）及移植排斥密切相关。因其在临床输血实践及相关疾病中的重要作用，而备受关注。本文就HPA抗原的命名、血小板糖蛋白多态性、HPA检测方法、血小板同种免疫反应机制以及相关疾病研究进展作一综述。

Advances in the Studies on Human Platelet Alloantigen——Review

Human platelet alloantigens (HPA) are specific antigens carried by platelet glycoproteins, which genes showing single nucleotide polymorphism. HPA can induce alloantibodies bringing about alloimmune response. They play important roles in post-transfusion refractoriness to platelets, post-transfusion thrombocytopenic purpura, fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, and graft-versus-host disease. Because of their side effects in clinical blood-transfusion, there were a great deal of studies on HPA during last few decades. This review focuses on the nomenclature of HPA, the polymorphisms of platelet glycoproteins, HPA typing of the serological and molecular technology, as well as the mechanism of alloimmunization to HPA and correlated diseases.