青藏铁路沿线青海田鼠鼠疫自然疫源地调查

目的调查青藏铁路沿线青海田鼠鼠疫流行情况，掌握青藏铁路沿线动物鼠疫的流行规律。方法调查青海田鼠的分布、密度、活动规律、青藏铁路沿线兽类及蚤类组成，并对可检材料进行鼠疫细菌学及血清学检验。结果青海田鼠在昆仑山以南至开心岭约300km长的铁路线两侧10km内呈广泛、散在、低密度分布，平均密度为49只／hm^2，分布面积约100km^2；该地区兽类有5目10科13属15种，蚤类有4科10属15种；青海田鼠平均蚤指数为0．11，巢穴染蚤率为100％；捕获761只青海田鼠，鼠疫细菌学检验为阴性；采集210份青海田鼠血清。鼠疫血清学检验为阴性；在青海田鼠分布区内检测到犬鼠疫阳性血清3份。结论目前尚不能确认该地区是否存在青海田鼠鼠疫流行，要确认青海田鼠鼠疫的存在还有待于深入调查。

The survey of Microtus Foscus plague natural focus along Qinghai-Tibet railroad

Objective To explore the epidemic pattern of animal plague through monitoring the Microtus Foscus(M.Foscus)plague in areas along Qinghai-Tibet railroad.Methods The distribution,density and activity of M.Foscu were surveyed.The kinds of animals and fleas along Qinghai-Tibet railroad were identified,meanwhile all the samples available were tested using reverse indirect haemagglutination(RIHA)and indirect haemagglutination (IHA).Results The M.Foscus average density was 49 per hectare in a dispersal area of approximately 100 square kilometers.5 orders,10 families,13 genera,15 species of beasts and 4 families,10 genera,15 species of fleas were identified.The average index of flea on M.Foscus was 0.11.The rate of lair infected with flea was 100%.761 M.Foscus were negative to plague bacterium and 210 serum samples of M.Foscus were also negative examined by plague serum.3 dogs in this area were positive to the plague serum.Conclusions Whether M.Foscus plague is prevailing or not in this epidemic area is currently uncertain,on which further investigation is needed.