| Seasonality in human semen quality of smokers and non-smokers： effect of temperature |
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| 引用本文： | Künzle R,Mueller MD,Huber AW,Drescher H,Bersinger NA. Seasonality in human semen quality of smokers and non-smokers： effect of temperature[J]. Asian journal of andrology, 2004, 6(3): 243-247 |
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| 作者姓名： | Künzle R Mueller MD Huber AW Drescher H Bersinger NA |
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| 作者单位： | Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,University of Berne,Berne,CH-3010,Switzerland,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,University of Berne,Berne,CH-3010,Switzerland,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,University of Berne,Berne,CH-3010,Switzerland,MCL Laboratories,Dudingen,Switzerland,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,University of Berne,Berne,CH-3010,Switzerland |
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| 摘 要： | Aim: To analyse the possible effect of seasonal variation on semen parameters. Methods: The participants consisted of 1688 men attending the andrology laboratory between 1991 and 1997 for reduced fertility in the couple. Semen analysis was performed according to the WHO manual. The 84 individual months of the study period were each assigned to one of the three groups according to the average monthly outside temperature; Group A (temperature <4.4℃), Group B (4.4℃-13.3℃) and Group C (>13.3℃). Results: When comparing the different sperm parameters, the morphology was significantly better in Group C. However, when the smokers were analysed separately, this difference disappeared and significant seasonal variations were found in sperm density, total sperm count, motility and total motile sperm; they were deteriorated in the warmer season. In non-smokers, no such negative effect of increased temperature was observed. Conclusion: Sperm quality is influenced by seasonal factors. Increased environmental tempe
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| 关 键 词： | 季节性 人类 精子质量 吸烟者 温度 男科学 |
Seasonality in human semen quality of smokers and non-smokers: effect of temperature |
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| Künzle Robert,Mueller Michael D,Huber Alexander W,Drescher Heinz,Bersinger Nick A. Seasonality in human semen quality of smokers and non-smokers: effect of temperature[J]. Asian journal of andrology, 2004, 6(3): 243-247 |
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| Authors: | Künzle Robert Mueller Michael D Huber Alexander W Drescher Heinz Bersinger Nick A |
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| Affiliation: | University Department of Clinical Research, Inselspital KKL G3-825, Berne CH-3010, Switzerland. |
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| Abstract: | AIM: To analyse the possible effect of seasonal variation on semen parameters. METHODS: The participants consisted of 1,688 men attending the andrology laboratory between 1991 and 1997 for reduced fertility in the couple. Semen analysis was performed according to the WHO manual. The 84 individual months of the study period were each assigned to one of the three groups according to the average monthly outside temperature; Group A (temperature < 4.4 degrees C), Group B (4.4 degrees C - 13.3 degrees C) and Group C (>13.3 degrees C). RESULTS: When comparing the different sperm parameters, the morphology was significantly better in Group C. However, when the smokers were analysed separately, this difference disappeared and significant seasonal variations were found in sperm density, total sperm count, motility and total motile sperm; they were deteriorated in the warmer season. In non-smokers, no such negative effect of increased temperature was observed. CONCLUSION: Sperm quality is influenced by seasonal factors. Increased environmental temperature, (maybe also light exposure) has an additional negative effect on the spermatogenesis in smokers, leading to reduced sperm quality in men with borderline fertility. |
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| Keywords: | sperm quality seasonal temperature fertility smoking |
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