医学院校大学生父母教养方式、自我效能和应对方式之间的关系

目的了解大学生父母教养方式、自我效能和应对方式之间的关系。方法采用整群随机抽样对山西医科大学551名大学生进行简式父母教养方式、一般自我效能感和应对方式问卷调查。结果①相关分析发现父母亲情感温暖、自我效能感和成熟型应对方式显著正相关(P<0.01);父母亲拒绝、过度保护的教养方式和不成熟型、混合型应对方式显著正相关(P<0.01),父亲情感温暖、自我效能和不成熟型应对方式显著负相关(P<0.01);②回归分析发现父亲情感温暖对成熟型应对方式有正向预期作用(β=0.149,t=3.694,P<0.001);母亲过度保护、父母拒绝对不成熟型应对方式有正向预期作用(β=0.156,t=3.550,P<0.001;β=0.162,t=3.823,P<0.001;β=0.115,t=2.533,P<0.05);自我效能对成熟型应对方式有正向预期作用(β=0.317,t=7.841,P<0.001),而对不成熟型应对方式有负向预期作用(β=-0.227,t=-5.792,P<0.001);母亲拒绝、父亲过度保护对混合型应对方式有正向预期作用(β=0.139,t=3.247,P<0.01;β=0.112,t=2.608,P<0.01);③进一步的路径分析显示父亲情感温暖可以直接影响成熟型、非成熟型应对方式,也可以通过自我效能为中介影响成熟型、非成熟型应对方式;母亲情感温暖通过自我效能间接影响成熟型应对方式。结论大学生父母教养方式、自我效能和应对方式之间关系密切,提倡情感温暖型的父母教养方式、提高学生的自我效能可以对学生成熟的应对方式产生积极的影响。

Relationship among Parenting Pattern,Self-efficacy and Coping Style of Medical College Students

Objective To explore the relationship among parenting pattern,self-efficacy and coping style of medical college students.Methods A total of 551 college students who came from Shanxi Medical University were investigated with short-form Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran(s-EMBU),General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES)and Coping Style Questionnaire(CSQ).Results ①Parents’emotional warmth and self-efficacy were positively related to mature coping style(P<0.01).Parents’ rejection and over protection were positively related to immature coping and mixed coping(P<0.01).Father’s emotional warmth and self-efficacy were negatively related to immature coping style(P<0.01).②Father’s emotional warmth was a significantly positive predicator of mature coping style(β=0.149,t=3.694,P<0.001).mother’s protection and parents’rejection were significantly positive predicators of immature coping(β=0.156,t=3.550,P<0.001;β=0.162,t=3.823,P<0.001;β=0.115,t=2.533,P<0.05).Self-efficacy was a significantly positive predicator of mature coping and negative predicator of immature coping(β=0.317,t=7.841,P<0.001);(β=-0.227,t=-5.792,P<0.001).Mother’s rejection and parents’ protection were significantly positive predicators of mixed coping(β=0.139,t=3.247,P<0.01;β=0.112,t=2.608,P<0.01).③Father’s emotional warmth had direct influence on mature coping and immature coping.At the same time,it had indirect influence on them by self-efficacy.Mother’s emotional warmth had indirect influence on mature coping by self-efficacy.Conclusion There are close relationships among parenting pattern,self-efficacy and coping style of college students.In order to promote college students to adopt mature coping to face problems,they should be cultivated with a parenting pattern of emotional warmth and their self-efficacy should be improved.