贫困大学生社会适应的社会支持因子研究

目的在心理弹性理论的基础上,探索贫困大学生社会适应的社会支持因子。方法采用《大学生适应性量表》和《社会支持评定量表》对福建师大和四川师范大学的286名大学生进行研究。结果①通过独立样本t检验,发现贫困大学生在学习适应(t=-2.643,P<0.01)、角色适应(t=-3.357,P<0.001)、职业选择适应(t=-2.074,P<0.05)、生活自理适应(t=-4.524,P<0.001)以及身心症状表现(t=-2.401,P<0.05)方面都显著优于非贫困大学生;②贫困大学生的客观支持(t=-5.015,P<0.001)和对支持的利用度(t=-2.184,P<0.05)显著高于非贫困大学生;而在主观支持方面显著低于非贫困大学生(t=7.548,P<0.001);③通过Pearson相关分析,大学生社会适应的各个方面都与客观支持和对支持的利用度呈显著正相关(r=0.155～0.416,P<0.01),主观支持仅与人际适应呈显著正相关(r=0.246,P<0.001);④通过独立样本t检验,发现适应良好的非贫困生的客观支持(t=3.999,P<0.001)、主观支持(t=4.193,P<0.001)和对支持的利用度都极其显著地高于适应一般的非贫困生(t=3.380,P<0.001);适应良好的贫困生仅在客观支持(t=2.647,P<0.01)和对支持的利用度上显著高于适应一般的贫困大学生(t=2.737,P<0.01)。结论贫困大学生社会适应的社会支持保护因子表现为充分的客观支持和对支持的利用度。

The Social Support Factors in Poor College Students' Adaptability

Objective To explore the social support factors of the adaptability of poor college students on the base of resilience theory.Methods A total of 286 college students from Fujian Normal University and Sichuan Normal University were measured by College Student Adaptability Inventory and Social Support Assessment.Results ①The learning adaptability（t=-2.643,P〈0.01）,self adaptability（t=-3.357,P〈0.001）,career choice adaptability（t=-2.074,P〈0.05）,livelihood self-management（t=-4.524,P〈0.001） and somatic-mental symptom（t=-2.401,P〈0.05）of poor students were significantly higher than non-poverty students.② Poor students’ objective support（t=-5.015,P〈0.001） and the utilization of support（t=-2.184,P〈0.05） were significantly higher than those of non-poverty students,and subjective support was significantly lower than that of non-poverty students（t=7.548,P〈0.001）.③The adaptability was positively correlated to objective support and the utilization of support（r=0.155～0.416,P〈0.01）,and interpersonal adaptability was positively correlated to subjective support（r=0.246,P〈0.001）.④The objective support（t=3.999,P〈0.001）,subjective support（t=4.193,P〈0.001）and the utilization of support of well-adaptive non-poverty students were significantly higher than those of average students（t=3.380,P〈0.001）.But poor students’ objective support（t=2.647,P〈0.01）and the utilization of support were significantly higher than those of average poor students（t=2.737,P〈0.01）.Conclusion Objective support and the utilization of support are the protective factors of the adaptation of poor college students.