灾难经历对大学新生心理健康的影响研究

目的了解大学新生心理健康状况,探讨灾难经历对心理健康状况的影响,为新生适应、心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用整群抽样,选取某大学2010级全体新生4740名,以症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行测量。结果新生心理问题检出率为7.3%,新生SCL-90得分与全国常模比较具有统计学意义(t=18.359,P<0.01),经历灾难与未经历灾难新生心理健康差异具有统计学意义(t=5.301,P<0.01),两因素方差分析结果表明,亲人受伤状况主效应显著(F=3.436,P<0.05),财物主效应不显著(F=1.646,P>0.05),交互效应也不显著(F=1.839,P>0.05)。结论新生心理健康水平低于全国常模,灾难经历对心理健康有显著影响,其中亲人受伤情况是影响经历灾难新生心理健康的重要因素。

The Effects of the Disaster Experience on Freshmen Mental Health

Objective To explore freshmen’ mental health and effects of the disaster experience on it,and provide the basic for freshmen adaptation and mental health education.Methods A total of 4740 participants from grade 2010 freshmen in Mianyang normal university were investigated with SCL-90.Results The positive rate for mental health scores was 7.3%,the SCL-90 scores was significant difference（t=18.359,P〈0.01）to the national adults’ norm,there were significant difference in SCL-90（t=5.301,P〈0.01）between freshmen with the disaster experience and counterpart without the disaster experience.Two-factor variance analysis showed that the main effect for status of family members injured was significant（F=3.436,P〈0.05）,the main effect for property loss was not significant（F=1.646,P〉0.05）,interaction effect wasn’t also significant（F=1.839,P〉0.05）.Conclusion Freshmen mental health is low and affected by the disaster experience,especially by status of family members injured.