临床医生职业倦怠与应对方式的关系研究

目的探讨临床医生的职业倦怠与应对方式的关系,为临床医生职业倦怠的干预提供理论依据。方法采用Maslach职业倦怠量表(MBI)和应对方式问卷(CSQ)对112名临床医生进行了调查。结果不同性别医生在情绪衰竭维度上存在显著性差异(t=-3.932;P<0.05)、不同婚姻状况医生在情绪衰竭、去个性化和低个人成就感3个维度上都存在显著性差异(F=7.526,12.048,7.519;P<0.01)、不同职称医生在情绪衰竭和去个性化2个维度上也均存在显著性差异(F=3.731,7.478;P<0.05)。在应对方式中,不同性别医生在自责、合理化两因子上存在显著差异(F=1.845,2.356;P<0.05)、不同婚姻状况医生在求助和退避两因子上存在显著差异(F=3.155,3.784;P<0.05)、不同职称医生在幻想因子上存在显著性差异(F=5.537,P<0.05)。通过职业倦怠和应对方式的Pearson相关分析,解决问题、求助与情绪衰竭(-0.254,-0.214)、去个性化(-0.208,-0.159)、低个人成就感(-0.216,-0.161)存在显著负相关;自责、幻想、退避、合理化与情绪衰竭、低个人成就感存在显著正相关。结论医生职业倦怠现状严重,防治工作应关注女性、离异、高级职称的医生。采用积极的应对方式对缓解医生职业倦怠有重要作用。

Study on the Relationship between Job Burnout and Coping Style of Clinical Doctors

Objective To explore the relationship between job burnout and coping style of clinical doctors,and provide aid for intervention of job burnout problem.Methods A total of 112 clinical doctors were assessed with job burnout inventory(MBI) and Coping Style Questionnaire(CSQ).Results Doctors of different gender,marital status and professional titles had significant differences on emotional exhaustion,dehumanization and low personal achievements.There was significant gender,marital status and professional titles differences among doctors in the different factors of coping styles.Problem solving and helping-seeking had negative correlation with emotional exhaustion,dehumanization and low personal achievements.Self-blame,fantasy,withdrawal and rationalization had significantly positive correlation with emotional exhaustion and low personal achievement.Conclusion Doctors’ job burnouts are related to their coping style.