2009-2015年浙江省丽水市外环境禽流感病毒监测与分析

目的 了解丽水市外环境H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感病毒的动态分布情况,为防治人感染禽流感提供依据。方法 对2009-2015年1月丽水市外环境标本(清洗禽类污水、禽类粪便及笼具表面等)采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应方法检测禽流感病毒核酸,阳性者进一步检测 H5、H7、H9 亚型核酸,监测数据用 Excel 软件进行统计分析。结果 监测各类外环境场所87个,检出禽流感病毒场所28个,占32.18%,以家禽宰杀加工场所和城乡活禽交易市场的病毒检出比例最高,分别为100.00%和92.30%。不同场所来源标本病毒阳性率以家禽宰杀加工场所最高,达46.34%,其次为城乡活禽市场的23.54%,最低为家禽散养集中地区,为1.25%。H5、H7、H9 和其他未分型禽流感病毒的检出率分别为0.99%、4.08%、5.83%和 9.33%,检出的H7均为H7N9亚型。禽流感病毒检出率最高的标本为清洗禽类污水(40.00%),最低为笼具表面涂抹物(12.07%),平均检出率达19.37%。H5亚型的检出率以三季度为高;H7亚型的检出率一、四季度较高,二、三季度较低;H9亚型检出率一季度最低,四季度最高;总体上H5亚型的检出率最低。结论 丽水市城乡活禽市场与宰杀加工场所等外环境中常年有H5、H9、H7N9 等多种亚型禽流感病毒存在,有感染人的风险,应积极采取综合性防控措施。

Surveillance for avian influenza A virus in environments in Lishui,Zhejiang, 2009-2015

Objective To understand the distribution of avian influenza A (H5, H7 and H9) viruses in environments in Lishui, Zhejiang province, and provide evidence for the prevention and control of human infection with avian influenza virus. Methods From 2009 to January 2015,the samples of poultry washing water, feces and cage surface smears were collected from the surveillance sites to detect nucleic acid of avian influenza virus with real-time PCR, and the positive samples were further detected for H5, H7 and H9 nucleic acid. Excel software was used to analyze the results statistically. Results Avian influenza viruses were detected in 28 out of 87 surveillance sites (32.18%), and the detection rate was highest in poultry slaughtering and processing sites (100.00%), followed by alive poultry markets (92.30%). The sample source specific detection rate was highest in the samples from poultry slaughtering and processing sites (46.34%), followed by that in the samples from alive poultry markets (23.54%), and lowest in the samples from poultry free ranging areas (1.25%). The viral nucleic acid detection rate of subtype H5, H7, H9 and other subtype was 0.99%, 4.08%,5.83% and 9.33% respectively, and all the H7 viruses belonged to H7N9. The sample specific detection rate was highest in poultry washing water (40.00%) and lowest in cage surface smears (12.07%), the average one was 19.37%. The detection rate of subtype H5 was higher in autumn than in other seasons, and the detection rate of subtype H7 was higher in spring and winter than in summer and autumn, meanwhile the detection rate of subtype H9 was lowest in spring and highest in winter. The detection rate of subtype H5 was lowest. Conclusion Avian influenza A virus subtype H5, H7 and H9 circulate in the environments, especially in alive poultry markets and poultry slaughtering and processing sites, and the risk of human infection exists in Lishui. It is necessary to take active measures to prevent and control human infection with avian influenza virus.