上海市宝山区电焊工人极低频磁场暴露与心理状态现况调查

[目的]评估上海市宝山区电焊工人极低频磁场暴露水平和焦虑、抑郁状况。[方法]选取宝山区4家企业81名电焊工人，采用个体测量仪EMDEX—LITE收集8h极低频磁场暴露数据，调查个人基本信息及当天活动情况，同时发放焦虑自评量表（SAS）和抑郁自评量表（SDS）进行调查。[结果]研究对象为男性67人、女性14人，年龄19～53岁；工人8h累积暴露量中位数为15．49μT／h，四分位数间距（IQR）为23．01μT／h；35．8％的被调查工人瞬时暴露中位数高于界点（0．4μT）；工人极低频磁场平均累积暴露水平明显高于对照人群（高校学生）；所有工人（100％）暴露峰值均出现于电焊作业时；与国内常模相比，工人SDS总标准分无明显差异，SAS总标准分明显增高，但未达到轻度焦虑（抑郁）症的标准；相关分析显示SDS总分与工龄呈正相关（r=0．256，P〈0．05）。[结论]电焊作业与极低频磁场的暴露强度密切相关，尚不能认为极低频磁场暴露可增加工人焦虑或抑郁症的发生。

Investigation on the Exposure Levels of Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields, Anxiety and Depression Status of Welders in Baoshan District, Shanghai

[ Objective ] To evaluate the exposure levels of extremely low frequency magnetic fields （ELFMF）, anxiety and depression status of welders in Baoshan District. [ Methods ] A total of 81 welders from 4 factories in Baoshan District were chosen. Their data of 8 h exposure to ELFMF being collected by EMDEX-LITE personal samplers. Personal information and activities being collected by the questionnaires. Serf-rating anxiety scale （SAS） and self-rating depression scale （SDS） were adopted to evaluate the anxiety and depression status of welders. [ Results ] The subjects under study were composed of 67 males and 14 females, aged from 19 to 53. The median and interquartile range （IQR） of cumulative exposure levels over 8 h were 15.49 μT/h and 23.01 μT/h, respectively. Portion of 35.8% welders investigated had a median transient exposure level higher than 0.4μT. The average cumulative exposure levels of the welders were significantly higher than those in the control population of college students. The peak exposure of all welders was found during welding. There was no significant difference in total SDS standard scores in welders compared with national norms while total SAS standard scores in welders were significantly higher; however, neither of them had reached the criteria for cognition of anxiety （depression）. The total SDS standard scores showed a positive correlation with age （r=-0.256, P 〈 0.05）. [ Conclusion ] The results of investigation show that welding work is closely associated with the exposure of ELFMF, and there is no sufficient indication shown this exposure is correlated significantly to the increase of the incidence of anxiety or depression among welders.