脊柱内固定术后感染的危险因素分析及对策

目的探讨脊柱内固定术后感染的危险因素及对策。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至12月我科472例行脊柱内固定手术患者的病例资料,均为脊柱后路手术,其中9例术后伤口感染,接受伤口清创引流手术,未取出内固定及植骨,术后使用敏感抗生素,随访8~19个月(平均11个月),本文回顾性分析术后伤口感染相关危险因素及对策。结果手术时间100~325min;术中失血量200~1 500 mL;术后引流量65~1 350 mL,大多比同期同类手术明显增加。472例患者术后感染共9例,发生率1.91%(9/472)。伤口感染初始征象出现时间为术后10 d(6~16 d)。白细胞总数、血沉及CRP在术后4~7 d明显升高,且维持在高位水平14 d以上。细菌培养显示致病菌主要为常见皮肤菌群。除1例复发(再次使用敏感抗生素治愈)外,其余无临床感染复发征象。结论脊柱术后伤口感染主要发生于后路开放性手术,均为深部感染;术中、术后出血总量大、手术时间长是造成围手术期营养状况差及感染的危险因素。及时清创引流、一期缝合伤口及应用敏感抗生素,可取得良好效果;清创手术不必常规取出内固定物及植骨。

Risk factors and treatment for wound infections after spinal internal fixation

Objective To investigate the risk factors and treatment for infections after spinal internal fixation surgery. Methods The clinical data of 472 patients who underwent spinal internal fixation surgery from January 2012 to December 2012 was analyzed retrospectively, an average age of 50. 6 years （38-78 years）. All cases were underwent posterior procedures. All infected patients received emergency opera-tion of wound debridement, drainage and sensitive antibiotic treatment. The mean follow-up time was 11 months （8-19 months）. Risk fac-tors and treatment for infections were summarized and discussed. Results Of 472 patients,postoperative infections occurred in 9 cases with the infection rate of 1. 91%. The operation time,intraoperative blood and postoperative drainage was 100-325 min,200-1500 mL and 65-1350 mL,respectively,which were greater than the similar surgeries of same period. The initial signs of wound infection was observed at 10 d （6-16 d） after surgery. CRP,ESR and WBC were significantly increased in 4-7 d after surgery,and maintained at high level at least for 14 d. Bacterial culture results showed infection bacteria were mainly common skin flora. One infection recurred during followed-up and subse-quent treatment was successful. Conclusion Wound infection after internal fixation mainly occurred in the posterior procedure of spine, which were deep infection. The main clinical manifestation was the wound exudate and local deep tenderness,fever and wound surface swelling were relatively rare. Increased intraoperative bleeding,postoperative drainage volume,operation time were the risk factors,which lead to perio-perative malnutrition and subsequent infections. Debridement,drainage,and intravenously sensitive antibiotics could obtain an ideal outcome for most cases. It was not necessary to remove the internal fixation instrument and bone grafting.